childhood obesity powerpoint

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    Childhood Obesitytrends, complications, cost, and prevention

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    Overview

    Definition, prevalence, and trends

    Causes and other contributing factors

    Risks psychological and physical

    Costs to individual, healthcareinstitutions, and society

    Obstacles to shifting the paradigm Recommendations for effecting change

    Motivational Interviewing

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    Definition, prevalence, and trendsa brief look at childhood obesity

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    Definition of obesity

    Use of Body Mass Index (BMI)

    Overweight 85thpercentile

    Obese 95thpercentile

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    Prevalence and trends

    Increase in obesity from 1976-2000

    No trend from 2000-2008

    17% of children aged 2-19 wereconsidered obese in 2008

    5.5% were obese in 1976

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    Causes & other contributing factorsmultiple risk factors and reasons for childhood obesity

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    Genetics

    At the basic level, obesity occurs whenmore calories are consumed than are

    used Susceptibility to obesity

    Genetic characteristics havent changed in

    last 3 decades, but prevalence amongschool-aged children has tripled duringthat time

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    Environmental Factors

    Home, childcare, school, and communityinfluence

    Childrens habits reflect parents habits

    Lack of playgrounds/parks, bike paths,sidewalks, pools

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    Risks and complicationspsychological and physical

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    Psychological risks

    Still a negative stigma

    Targets of social discrimination

    Disrespected and bullied by peers

    Lead to low self-esteem and depression

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    Costsindividual, healthcare institutions/insurance companies, society

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    Individual costs

    $147 billion/year for obesity medical costs

    $1,400 higher each year for obese vs.

    healthy-weight individuals Immobile patients may spend up to

    $1,500 on a bariatric wheelchair

    (compared to $150-$330 for regular) Possible reduced lifespan

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    Societal costs

    Face complications of epidemic together

    May not feel need to change if everyone is

    obese Healthcare/insurance obstacles cost

    may be directed toward general public

    through increased taxes and higherinsurance premiums

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    Obstacles to shifting the paradigmwhy change isnt easy

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    Obstacles for change

    Do not wish to/afraid of change

    Do not recognize need for change/cultural

    differences Bad habits are not easily broken

    Takes time & dedication to achieve results

    Fast food is easier and cheaper Limited access to healthful foods

    Making excusing is easier than takingaction

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    Recommendations for effecting changewhat we can do as a society or as individuals

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    Parents

    Educate children about risk factors

    Focus on healthy lifestyle, not weight loss

    Limit TV and video games

    Limit fast food and sweetened beverages

    Encourage physical activity

    Have family dinners at the table, not infront of the TV

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    Schools and childcare

    More time spent educating about wellness

    School nurses

    Gym & health classes

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    Pediatricians and nurses

    Use time to promote wellness andincrease awareness

    Speak with parents aboutwillingness/ability to change

    Motivational Interviewing

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    Motivational Interviewingand the transtheoretical model

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    MI technique

    Patient-centered interaction

    Explore and resolve ambivalence about

    change Build rapport with patient and family

    Collaborate with patient, empowerment

    Use empathy and encouragement Evoke intrinsic motivation, required for

    lasting change

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    Transtheoretical model

    Six stages Precontemplation

    Contemplation Preparation

    Action

    Maintenance

    Termination

    Can move between stages

    Example: GiGi and dancing

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    Case Management

    Used if providers have inadequate time

    Multifaceted approach

    Collaboration of healthcare team: primarycare physicians, nurse practitioners,dieticians, exercise physiologists,psychologists, and social workers

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    Conclusionsand future directions

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    References

    Anderson, S. (2010, February 8). Childhood obesity: It's not the amount of TV, it's the number of junk food commercials.RetrievedDecember 3, 2010, from UCLA Newsroom: http://newsroom.ucla.edu/

    Banerj, M. A. (2010, October 22). One-Third of U.S. Adults Could Have Diabetes by 2050: CDC. Retrieved December 2, 2010, fromHealthDay News: http://www.healthfinder.gov

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010, March 31). Childhood Overweight and Obesity. Retrieved December 2, 2010,from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/index.html

    Dehghan, M., Akhtar-Danesh, N., & Merchant, A. T. (2005). Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention. Nutrition Journal, 4(24).

    Ghose, T. (2010, July 17). Hospitals beef up equipment for obese. Milwaukee Journal Sentinal.

    Herzog, K. (2010, August 3). Nation's obesity rate skyrocketing, CDC reports. Milwaukee Journal Sentinal.

    Howard, K. R. (2007). Childhood Overweight: Parental Perceptions and Readiness for Change. The Journal of School Nursing, 23(2), 73.

    Mason, H., Crabtree, V., Caudill, P., & Topp, R. (2008). Childhood Obesity: A Transtheoretical Case Management Approach.Journalof Pediatric Nursing, 23(5), 337-344.

    Perrin, E. M., Finkle, J. P., & Benjamin, J. T. (2007). Obesity prevention and the primary care pediatricians office. Current Opinion

    in Pediatrics, 19(3), 354-361.

    Resnicow, K., Davis, R., & Rollnick, S. (2006). Motivational Interviewing for Pediatric Obesity: Conceptual Issues and EvidenceReview.Journal of the American Diatetic Association, 106(12), 2024-2033.

    Schmid, J. (2009, April 24). GE Healthcare unveils new medical imaging equipment. Milwaukee Journal Sentinal.

    Waldrop, J. (2006). Behavior Change In Overweight Patients.Advance for Nurse Practitioners, 14(8), 23.

    Warner, J. (2004, July 2). Video Games, TV Double Childhood Obesity Risk.Retrieved December 3, 2010, from WebMD:http://children.webmd.com