Global perspecti ve of childcare in United State of America

CHILDCARE IN UNITED STATES

History and Origin of Canada

• Early childhood programs started in the 19th century

• In the 1830’s, infant schools were introduced

• In the 1850’s, there was a growth in nursery schools.

• The federal government stopped funding for child care after the war

• In 1946, the DNA was established

• Originated from the welfare and reform movements in 19th century.

• In the 1840’s, daycare nurseries began in Boston• The early nurseries cared for children from poor

income families• Daycare was known as a social service • During the great depression, daycare was

sponsored by the federal government• In 1943, privately sponsored childcare centers

opened in Portland, Oregon

History and Origin of United States

• More daycares are evolving • Daycares are providing more quality childcare• Corporations are starting to fund child care

projects and provide child care subsidies and services

• Several groups have helped improve childcare for families

Evolution of service in United State

• In the 20th century, there was an increase in the early childcare and education

• Some early crèches and day nurseries continued to run

• In the 1920’s, the Mother’s Allowance Act was introduced

Evolution of Service in Canada

Structural Quality in United states

• Aspects of structure • 1. Group size and adult-

child ratio…– Similar to Canada, Ontario

young children need a lot of care and attention

– Two adults for group of 18 children ; a certified and teacher assistant/aide

– Pre-Kindergarten classed of 19 or 20 students need 1 certified teacher and 2 teacher assistants

– Family childcare (in a home) can only have 10 children, NO MORE!

• 2. Staff Qualifications…

• Must have in-depth knowledge of child development. How children learn• Must have a state

certification valid for service in early childhood grades… • Example – New York

State certification• Bilingual certification is

required

• Aspects of structure• 1. Group size and

adult-child ratio…– Infants 1:3– Toddlers 1:5– Preschool 1:8– School – age 1:15– 5 Years 1:10

• 2. Staff qualifications…– College diploma – Register under Ontario’s ECEs– Up to-date medical forms, police

record check, and standard first aid certificate

– Maintain a focus on a framework for curriculum and pedagogy rather than develop a specific curriculum.

– Statement of Principles – Understanding children’s

development – Assessment, Evaluation and

monitoring

Structural Quality in Canada

• Passionate• Perseverance• Willingness to take risks• Patience • Pragmatism• Flexibility • Respect• Creativity • High energy • Sense of humour• Love for learning• Authenticity

Characteristics of childcare in United States and Canada

• Child Care and Development Fund• The federal government provides

subsidies to families• Temporary Assistance to Needy

Families• Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit• The Dependent Care Assistance

Program (DCAP)

Childcare Support System in United State

• In 2006, the universal child care benefit was introduced

• The Canadian government provides financial transfers

• In 2007, the tax credit for child care spaces was introduced

• The provincial government is primarily responsible for education and child care

• The federal government provides direct funds to certain groups

• Funded by the early childhood development imitative

Childcare Support System in Canada

UNITED STATES- Children are active learners, creating

knowledge and learning through their daily experiences with materials and people.

- Learning is most meaningful when it happens in the context of the child's everyday experiences at home and in the classroom.

- Development is promoted by practices that do not emphasize competition between children, are individually and age-appropriate, are carried out in an atmosphere of acceptance and respect, and are interesting and challenging to children.

Philosophy In United State & Canada

CANADA- Today’s ideas are not new- Better understanding of how to implement current teaching strategies to the curriculum- Inspires professionals

UNITED STATES - Child care system is evaluated based on:

- the environment - safety and security- programs - curriculum- communication - policies - staff CANADA

- Child care system is evaluated based on: - the accessibility, affordability and

inclusiveness- the care for children in a safe, nurturing

environment- foster early childhood development- support children and their families

Evaluation of the System

Role & Training of ECE in the United States

• Bachelor’s degree• Work as an ECE in a public school

system• Owns a teaching license• To pursue to a high level of

teaching, a master’s degree is mandatory with years of teaching experiences

• All ECE licenses have to be renewed

Role & Training of ECE in Canada

• Maintain procedures and policies for health and safety

• Meet the needs of each individual

• Encourage development in all domains

• Maintain a positive relationship with children and their families

Availability and Accessibility in the United States

• The availability in child care centers is equally questioned among communities

• In larger geographical areas, there are more centers than family day care providers

• Child care centers are the least available in poor communities

• Family day cares are the most available in mix-income communities

Availability and Accessibility in the Canada

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