child studies chapter 5: prenatal care and childbirth
TRANSCRIPT
CHILD STUDIES Chapter 5: Prenatal Care and Childbirth
AGENDA- FEBRUARY 16TH
1. Pass in your Prenatal Story 2. Presentations: Twins PowerPoint or Poster 3. Lesson: Signs of Pregnancy
PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
1. Amenorrhea
2. Nausea
3. Tiredness
4. Frequency of Urination
5. Swelling and Tenderness of the Breasts
6. Skin discoloration
7. Internal Changes
8. Backaches, growing pains, dizziness, abdominal swelling, leg cramps, varicose veins and indigestion
POSITIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
2. Fetal Heartbeat
3. Fetal Movement
4. Fetal Image
5. Fetal Shape
6. Uterine Contractions
AGENDA: FEBRUARY 17TH
1. Read: Medical Care Section (Pages 130-132)
2. Make a List of Questions one should ask during the first prenatal Checkup
3. Lesson: Unborn Baby’s Environment
4. Exit Card: Tell me something new you learned and tell me something you already knew.
ACTIVITY 1
1. Read Page 130-132 (The first appointment).
2. Make a List of Questions one should ask during the first prenatal Checkup. (This can be done with partners, but you should all have your own list—these will be considered notes)
LESSON: UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
Immediately after conception, the environment begins to exert an influence on the unborn baby’s traits.
Brainstorm with the person beside you:
What environmental factors do you think might affect an unborn baby?
LESSON: UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Factors:
A mother’s weight, health habits, and hazards that a mother encounters.
It is important to take time to relax and reduce stress. A high stress level during pregnancy can affect the unborn in negative ways.
To Consider: What strategies could a mother-to-be use in order to reduce stress?
UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
Mother’s Age:
Teens and women over 36 are high-risk-mothers-to-be. Very young teens tend to have babies who are premature (born too soon), have low birth weights, have disabilities or are born dead.
Women over 36 tend to give birth do more babies with health problems, disabilities and disorders.
UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
Mother’s Physical Health : Women in excellent health before pregnancy are the most likely to have healthy pregnancies. Those with poor pre-pregnancy health are more likely to have health problems.
Before Pregnancy (if possible) women should ask their doctors how their previous health problems could affect a pregnancy.
UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
It is also important for a woman to enter pregnancy at a healthy weight for her age, height, and body type. Being underweight or overweight before pregnancy can lead to serious health problems for mother and baby.
Women who start pregnancy at 15 percent or more under healthy weight more often have low-birth-weight infants than women of healthy weight.
UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
Women who start pregnancy at over 20 percent more than healthy weight have more complications, too. They experience more fatigue, high blood pressure, heart strain, and blood sugar problems.
Reaching a healthy weight before becoming pregnant should be the goal, as it will increase the chance of a healthy pregnancy.
Large or sudden weight changes are not advised during pregnancy.
THE UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
RH Factor: is a protein substance found in the red blood cells of about 85 percent of the population.
People who have the substance are called RH positive, and those who do not are called RH negative.
The only time that this will cause a problem for the baby is when the father is RH positive and the mother is RH negative.
THE UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
If the baby inherits the RH positive blood type from the father, the baby may develop RH disease. RH disease is a type of anemia that destroys the baby’s red blood cells.
RH disease does not affect the first RH positive unborn, but it may enter the mother’s blood stream during birth.
It is possible in the next pregnancy that these antibodies cross the placenta. If the baby has RH positive blood, the antibodies destroy the baby’s red blood cells.
THE UNBORN BABY’S ENVIRONMENT
There is a vaccine called anti-RH-immune globulin. An RH- mother receives the vaccine within 72 hours after the birth of each RH positive baby. It blocks the growth of antibodies in her body.
An RH- female should also receive the vaccine after a transfusion of RH positive blood anytime during her life.
AGENDA- FEBRUARY 18TH
1. Read: Health Habits During Pregnancy (137-140)
2. Activity: Create a Healthy Habit Pamphlet
3. Lesson: Health Hazards to Avoid
HEALTH HABITS DURING PREGNANCY
Read: Pages 137-140
Make notes summarizing:
1. Nutrition
2. Weight Gain
3. Hygiene Practices
4. Rest and Sleep
5. Physical Activity and Exercise
ACTIVITY
1. You will be divided into 5 Groups.
2. Each group will be assigned a health habit.
3. Your job is to create a pamphlet that outlines the importance of this health habit. This pamphlet will be due at the end of the week. You will be given class time to work on it throughout the week.
LESSON: HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Diseases in the Mother:
1. Diabetes: Is a disorder caused by the body’s inability to use sugar properly. If a women knows she has diabetes they should talk to their doctors to find out how they would manage the disorder during pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes: appears in women who did not have it before pregnancy.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
After pregnancy GD usually goes away. Women who have it during pregnancy usually have larger babies, often weighing 10 to 12 pounds at birth. This can be a risk to the mother during delivery. Also, these babies are at a risk for high blood pressure and heart problems.
A careful balance of diet, physical activity and medication will keep both types of diabetes under control.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
2. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH):
High blood pressure caused by pregnancy. It includes a sudden increase in blood pressure, protein in urine and welling.
The cause of PIH is unknown. If untreated, PIH can lead to damage or death of the mother, baby or both.
Early treatment can help both mother and baby avoid serious health problems (ex: bed rest, medicine etc).
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
3. Rubella and Other infections:
Rubella is a virus which can cross the placenta and affect the baby during the first three months of pregnancy. It is mild for the mother, however the baby may be born blind, deaf, mentally disabled, or with heart problems.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
In order for mothers to prevent their babies from catching diseases such as chicken pox, mumps, and measles is to ensure that mothers have received vaccinations for all these during childhood.
A pregnant woman should avoid all exposure to anyone she knows that has any of these diseases.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Some STD’s can enter the bloodstream of the mother and cross the placenta to reach the unborn.
Others may infect the mother’s reproductive tract and can pass to the baby during delivery.
Some can even be passed to the baby through breastfeeding.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Drugs:
The term drugs can mean medication, alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs.
Medication: Medication studies can rarely include pregnant women (in case of harm), so therefore, the effects of medications on unborn babies are not known.
To be safe, a pregnant woman should not take any kind of medication without consulting her doctor.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Alcohol:
As we know taking even one drink may cause the baby to be abnormal in some way.
Almost three babies in 1,000 are born with a condition called FASD.
Babies with FASD are often shorter and weigh less than other babies. Their growth and development is slow.
Physically, these babies have unusual facial features, heart defects, poor motor development and disabilities.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Nicotine:
Babies of smokers are usually smaller than average or premature.
It raises the mother’s heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate and reduces the flow of blood. The baby’s oxygen is greatly reduced.
Smoking after 16 weeks of pregnancy is very risky because in increases chance of a miscarriage.
It can also case the baby’s brain to develop abnormally.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Illegal Drugs: These can include; cocaine, crack, heroin and marijuana. All cross the placenta quickly and reach the baby.
If a woman is addicted to drugs, it is likely her baby is, too.
They can cause low-birth weight and prematurity.
Receiving drugs while they are in the womb can cause the baby to go through stress after they are born. They are likely going through withdrawal.
Women who use illegal drugs also often neglect their own health. For these and many other reasons, babies whose mothers use illegal drugs have a slim chance of living a healthy life.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Radiation Exposure: X-Rays should be avoided during pregnancy. X-rays are aimed toward the fetus increase the likelihood of childhood cancer.
Pregnant women should always inform their doctors or dentists of possible or known pregnancy before an x-ray can be performed.
Women should not work near x-ray machines or stay in the room when an x-ray is being taken.
If an x-ray needs to be done before delivery is should be low in intensity, taken away from the fetus and done when the abdomen is shielded by a lead safety drape.
HEALTH HAZARDS TO AVOID
Environmental Pollution:
- It should be determined that home and workplace be safe.
Lead, chemicals, pesticides and herbicides all pose risks to the unborn baby.
Pregnant women should check to be sure their environments do not harm their babies.
REFLECTION- FOR HOMEWORK
Because so much is known about the dangers of these substances on unborn babies, do you think drinking alcohol, using nicotine, or taking illegal drugs during pregnancy should be considered child abuse?
If you saw a pregnant woman engaging in an unhealthy activity, would you intervene? If yes, how would you proceed to intervene?
Value: 5 Marks
AGENDA- FEBRUARY 19TH
1. Pass in Reflections
2. Read: Complications of Pregnancy and Monitoring the Baby’s Development
2. Lesson: Decisions Concerning Childbirth
3. Activity: Work on Pamphlets
THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY
Fathers-to-Be:
Today, father’s take a more active role during pregnancy and delivery.
Can help reassure their wives during stressful times.
Help select a doctor and decide aspects of delivery.
A benefit of fathers as labor and delivery helpers is the bonding it provides for the fathers.
DECISIONS CONCERNING CHILDBIRTH
Decision 1: Home or Hospital Delivery
Most babies are delivered at the hospital.
Home births have begun to increase in popularity.
Some people believe hospitals lack warmth and support.
Certified nurse-midwives: nurses who have special training in delivering babies.
DECISIONS CONCERNING CHILD BIRTH
2. Choosing a Method of Delivery
Parents are able to choose which method of delivery they would like to use.
Different methods of childbirth differ in how the laboring mother is expected to handle the pain of labor.
DECISIONS CONCERNING CHILDBIRTH
Method “A” Natural Childbirth:
This is the method of delivery that does not involve any drugs.
The woman learns about the birth process so she knows what to expect.
She is trained to breathe and relax in a way that helps the birth process.
The father usually plays an active role in prenatal study and delivery with this method.
DECISIONS CONCERNING CHILDBIRTH
Method “B” Lamaze Method:
The mother is taught to focus on something other than pain.
The mother uses breathing patterns to keep her mind off of the pain.
The mother would attend Lamaze preparation classes with her coach (usually the father).
The woman receives medication if necessary.
Training is provided in small classes. Women are taught physical exercises to tone the body for delivery.
DECISIONS CONCERNING CHILDBIRTH
Method “C” Leboyer Method
This assumes that delivery is painful for the baby as well as the mother.
This uses low lights rather than bright lights in the delivery room.
Noise is kept low, because everyone in the delivery room talks in quiet tones.
After birth, the baby rests on the mother’s body as she cuddles her newborn.
The umbilical cord is cut only after it stops functioning.
AGENDA: FEBRUARY 20TH
1. Reading Assignment: Time to Be Born (pg. 157- 167)
2. Activity: Last day to complete Pamphlets
READING: TIME TO BE BORN (157- 167)
Textbook Hunt (On Monday you will go over the responses)
1. Define: Lightening, breech birth position, dilation, episiotomy, forceps, vacuum extraction, cesarean section, bonding, postpartum care, baby blues, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis
2. Describe the 3 Stages of Labor