chikungunya lohith reddy. first outbreak of the disease in the year 1952 in the makonde plateau,...
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CHIKUNGUNYA
Lohith Reddy
• First outbreak of the disease
• in the year 1952
• in the Makonde plateau, along the border between Tanzania and Mozambique.
• Chikungunya is a Makonde word (one of the local languages in Tanzania) meaning
‘that which bends up’.
• Describes the posture patient assumes to relieve the severe joint pains
• The disease was first described
Marion Robinson
and
W.H.R. Lumsden in 1955
An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53;II. General Description and Epidemiology," in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 49, Number 1, January 1955.
The Indian Scenario
• First outbreak
India
1963
Calcutta
• Since the first reported case in 1963 there have been sporadic outbreaks in varies parts of India.
• Re-emergence of the disease in India
especially in the southern states.
• Outbreak in December 2005 more that 3,80,000 reported cases of Chikungunya in India.
Closer to home
• State of Karnataka reported 78,000 cases
• Andhra Pradesh reported 200,000 cases.
The First Culprit
• Chikungunya Virus,
or• Buggy Creek Virus
• Family -Togaviridae
• Genus - Alpha virus.
• enveloped virions • spherical, 60 to 70 nm
in diameter • positive-sense,
single-stranded RNA genome, ca.
• 11.7 kilobases long.
• Lipid-containing envelope has two (rarely three) surface glycoproteins.
• Mediates attachment, fusion, and penetration.
• French researchers on the Indian Ocean island of Reunion say
re-emergence was spurred by a mutated form.
• Two changes to the structure of E1
• Makes the virus more likely to enter mosquito cells and replicate after the insect has fed on the blood of an infected person.
Second culprit
• Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito),
• Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito)