CHIAPAS

CentrodeBachilleratoTecnológicoydeServiciosNúm.108

Comitán deDomínguez,Chiapas,México.

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PRACTICE 2. Verb tenses. (Charts 1-1 - › 1-5)Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses.

1. Tom has regular habits. He (eat) 4. At 7:00 t i-l i s e v e n in g , T om s t ar t ed to eat d in ne r. It is

now 7:15. Tom is on the phone because Mary calledhim. He says, "Can I call you back? I (eat)

dinner right now. I ' l l finish

dinner every day. He hassince he was a child. Hemonth. He ate dirmer yesterday.tomorrow. He will probablyday until the end of his life.

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eaten dinner every dayate dirmer every day last

He will eat dinnereat dinner almost every

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soon and will call you back.to get cold." Tom's dinnercalls.

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I don't want my dinneris in progress when Mary

2. Tom eats dinner every day. Usually he eats at home,but yesterday, he (eat) d i n n e r at a

5. Last week Tom went to a restaurant. He began to eatat 7:00. At 7:15 Mary carne into the restaurant, sawTom, and walked over to say helio. Tom's dinner wasstill in front of hirn. He hadn't finished it yet. I nother words, when Mary walked loto the restaurant,Tom (eat) d i n n e r Tom's dinner

restaurant.

o

was in progress when Mary

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,

arrived.

3. Tom ate dinner yesterday. He eats dinner every day.In ah l probability, he (eat)

6. Tom will begin his dinner at 7:00 tonight. Mary willarrive at 7:15. I t takes Tom 30 minutes to eat hisdirmer. I n other words, when Mary arrives tonight,Tom (eat) h i s dirmer.

dinner tomorrow.

Tom's dinner will be in progress when Mary arrives,

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P RO G RE S S I V E

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7. Tom finished eating dinner at 7:30 tonight. I t is now8:00, and his mother has just come into the Idtchen.She says, "What would you bke for dirmer? Can Icook something for you?" Tom says, "Thanks Mom,but I (eat, already)dinner."

8. Yesterday Tom cooked bis own dinner. He began as7:00 and finished at 7:30. As 8:00 his mother carneinto the kitchen. She offered to cook some food forToro, but he (eat, already)I n otherwords,Tomhadfinishedbis dinner before he talked to his mother.

PEFtFECT

9. Tomorrow Tom will begin dinner as 7:00 and finish as7:30. His mother will come loto the kitchen at 8:00.In other words,Tom (cal, airead)

dinner by the time his mother walks into the Idtchen.

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PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

10. Tom began to eat dinner at 7:00 tonight. I t is now,at this moment, 7:15, Tom (cal)b i s dinnerf or15minutes, but he hasn't finished yet. I n other words,his dirmer has been in progress for 15 minutes.

11. Last week Tom went to a restaurant. He began to eatas 7:00. At 7:15 Mary carne into the restaurant, sawTom, and walked over to say helio. Tom's dirmer wasstill in front of hm. He hadn't finished it yet. I nother words, when Mary walked into the restaurant,Tom (eat) d i r m e rTom's dinner was in progress when Mary arrived.

12. Tonight Tom will go to a restaurant. He will begin toeat as 7:00. At 7:15 Mary will come into the restaurant,see Tom, and walk over to say hello. Tom's dinner willstill be in front of him. He won't have finished it yet.In other words, when Mary walks into the restauranttomorrow,Tom (eat)d i n n e r f or15minutes.Tom'sciinner will have been in progress for 15 minutes by thetime Mary arrives.

15 minutes

Overview oí Verb Tenses 33

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1. “May I speak to Dr. Paine, please?”“I’ m sorry, he ____ a patient at the moment. Can I help you?”

A. is seeing B. sees C. has been seeing D. was seeing

2. “When are you going to ask your boss for a raise?”“ ____ to her twice already! I don't think she wants to give me one.”

D. I’ d talked

3. “Do you think Harry will want something to eat after he gets here?”“I hope not. It’ ll probably be after midnight, and we ______ .”

A. are sleeping C. have been sleepingB. will be sleeping D. be sleeping

4. Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes ______ for at least thirty

5. “Is it true that spaghetti didn’ t originate in Italy?”“Yes. The Chinese ____ spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo brought it back to Italy.”

A. have been making C. had been rnakmgB. have made D. make

6. “I once saw a turtle that had wings. The turtle flew into the air to catch insects.”“Stop kidding. I _____ you!”

A. don’ t believe C. didn’ t believeB. am not believing D. wasn’ t believing

7. “Could someone help me lift the lawnmower into the pickup truck?”“I’ m not busy. I _____ you.”

A. help B. will help C. am going to help D. am helping

8. My family loves this house. It _____ the family home ever since my grandfather built it60 years ago.

A. was B. has been C. is D. will be

9. Here’ s an interesting statistic: On a typical day, the average person ______ about 48,000 words. How many words did you speak today?

A. spoke B. was speaking C. speaks D. is speaking

10. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’ re an adult, you ____ all about it.

A. forgetB. will have forgotten

C. will forgetD. forgot

PRACTICE: Verb tenses.

Directions: Choose the correct answer.

Example: I’ve been in this city for a long time. I ___C___ here sixteen years ago. A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come

9

A.I’vetalkedB.I’vebeentalkingC.Iwastalking

minutes.A.areboilingC.havebeenboilingB.boilingD.wereboiling

12. After ten unhappy years, Janice finally quit her job. She ______ along with her boss for a long time before she finally decided to look for a new position.

A. hadn’ t been getting C. didn’ t getB. isn’ t getting D. hasn’ t been getting

13. The National Hurricane Center is closely watching a strong hurricane over the AtlanticOcean. When it _____ the coast ofTexas sometime tomorrow afternoon, it will bring with it great destructive force.

A. reaches B. will reach C. is reaching D. reaching

14. At one time, huge prehistoric reptiles dominated the earth. This Age of Dinosaurs ________ much longer than the present Age of Mammals has lasted to date.

A. lasted B. was lasting C. has lasted D. had lasted

15. Jim, why don’ t you take some time off? You _____ too hard lately. Take a short vacation.A. worked B. work C. were working D. have been working

16. The city is rebuilding its dilapidated waterfront, transforming it into a pleasant and fashionable outdoor mall. Next summer when the tourists arrive, they _______ 104 beautiful new shops and restaurants in the area where the old run-down waterfront properties used to stand.

A. will found B. will be finding C. will have found D. will find

17. A minor earthquake occurred at 2:07 a.m. on January 3. Most of the people in the village ____ at the time and didn’ t even know it had occurred until the next morning.

A. slept B. had slept C. were sleeping D. sleep

18. The little girl started to cry. She ______ her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.A. has lost B. had lost C. was losing D. was lost

19. According to research reports, people usually _____ in their sleep 25 to 30 times each night. A. turn B. are turning C. have turned D. turned

20. Jane’ s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ______ at the computer for five straight hours. Finally, she took a break.

A. is sitting B. has been sitting C. was sitting D. had been sitting

11.It’sagainstthelawtokilltheblackrhinoceros.They______ex99nct.10

A.becameB.havebecomeC.becomeD.arebecoming

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12

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Three  Types  of  Skimming:    

1. Pre-­‐read  skimming  refers  to  preparing  to  read.  2. Skim  reading  refers  to  situations  in  which  skimming  is  the  only  coverage  you  plan  to  give  the  material.  3. Review  skimming  assumes  you  have  already  read  the  material  and  are  going  back  over  it  as  a  means  of  study  

and  review.  

How  Do  I  Use  Skimming?  

1. Read  the  title.  If  it  is  an  article,  check  the  author,  publication  date,  and  source.  2. Read  the  introduction.  If  it  is  very  long,  read  only  the  first  paragraph  completely.  Then,  read  only  the  first  

sentence  of  every  paragraph.  That  sentence  will  usually  be  the  main  idea  of  that  paragraph.  3. Read  any  headings  and  sub-­‐headings.  The  headings,  when  taken  together,  form  an  outline  of  the  main  topics  

covered  in  the  material.  4. Notice  any  pictures,  charts,  or  graphs;  they  are  usually  included  to  emphasize  important  dates  or  concepts.  5. If  you  do  not  get  enough  information  from  the  headings,  or  if  you  are  working  with  material  that  does  not  have  

headings,  read  the  first  sentence  of  each  paragraph.  6. Glance  at  the  remainder  of  the  paragraph.  

a. Notice  any  italicized  or  boldface  words  or  phrases.  These  are  key  terms.  b.    Look  for  lists  of  ideas  within  the  text  of  the  material.  The  author  may  use  numerals,  such  as  (1),  (2),  (3)  in  the  list,  or  signal  words  such  as  first,  second,  one  major  cause,  another  cause,  etc.  

7. Read  the  summary  or  last  paragraph.  

Scanning  

What  is  Scanning?  

Scanning  is  a  method  of  selective  reading,  when  searching  for  a  particular  fact  or  answer  to  a  question.  Scanning  can  best  be  described  as  a  looking  rather  than  a  reading  process.  

How  Do  I  Use  Scanning?    

1. State  in  your  mind  specifically  the  information  for  which  you  are  looking.  Phrase  it  in  question  form,  if  possible.  2. Try  to  anticipate  how  the  answer  will  appear  and  what  clues  you  might  use  to  help  you  locate  the  answer.  3. Determine  the  organization  of  the  material;  it  is  your  most  important  clue  to  where  to  begin  looking  for  

information.  Especially  when  looking  up  information  contained  in  charts  and  tables,  the  organization  of  the  information  is  crucial  to  rapid  scanning.  

4. Use  headings  and  any  other  aids  that  will  help  you  identify  which  sections  might  contain  the  information  for  which  you  are  looking.  

5. Selectively  read  and  skip  through  likely  sections  of  the  passage,  keeping  in  mind  the  specific  question  you  formed  and  your  expectations  of  how  the  answer  might  appear.  Move  your  eyes  down  the  page  in  a  systematic  way.  

6. When  you  have  found  the  needed  information,  carefully  read  the  sentences  in  which  it  appears  in  order  to  confirm  that  you  have  located  the  correct  information.  

Skimming16

SKIM

MING

Examen superficial

Titulo,Subtitulo

ApoyosVisuales

Tipografía

Distribución delTexto

Cognados

Palabrasrepetidas

FamiliadePalabras

Estrategias para la predicciónde contenidos y obtención deltema de un texto.

Lectura rápida para laobtención del tema de untexto.

SCAN

NING

Localizacióndenombrespropiosdepersonas,lugaresy

cosas.

Localizacióndefechas.

Localizacióndenúmerosocantidades.

Localizacióndecaracterísticaspropiasdealgunapersona,

lugar,cosaoanimal.

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When To Skim and When To Scan

Directions: Read each question and circle the appropriate strategy (skim or scan) for each situation.

1) Do you skim or scan when you are looking through a TV schedule for a particularprogram?

2) When browsing a magazine while waiting at the dentist’s office, do you skim or scan?

3) When looking through travel brochures to select a destination you may enjoy traveling to,do you skim or scan?

4) Do you skim or scan a menu when you are trying to see if the restaurant offersvegetarian dishes?

5) Do you skim or scan books in the library when you are looking for ones that might be ableto help you with information for a report you have to write?

6) Do you skim or scan the pages in a dictionary when you are looking for the correctspelling of a particular word?

7) Do you skim or scan a catalog that you’ve never seen before?

8) If looking through a store flyer to see if the store carries the kind of sneakers you like, doyou skim or scan?

18

IINN TTHHEE KKIITTCCHHEENN vvooccaabbuullaarryy mmaattcchhiinngg wwoorrkksshheeeett

x mixer

x fridge

x knife

x stewpot

x microwave

x fork

x rolling pin

x scales

x jug

x toaster

x cup

x squeezer

x teapot

x cleaver

x bowl

x pan

x strainer

x cooker

x grill

x tray

x pressure

cooker

x spoon

x dishwasher

x glass

x spatula

LOOK AT THE WORDS IN THE LIST BELOW AND WRITE THEM UNDER THE CORRECT PICTURES

x plate

x ladle

x mincer

x grater

x frier

26)_____________ 28)_____________ 27)_____________ 29)_____________ 30)_____________

21)_____________ 23)_____________ 22)_____________ 24)_____________ 25)_____________

1)_______________ 3)_______________ 2)_______________ 4)_______________ 5)_______________

6)_______________ 8)_______________ 7)_______________ 9)_______________ 10)_____________

11)_____________ 13)_____________ 12)_____________ 14)_____________ 15)_____________

16)_____________ 18)_____________ 17)_____________ 19)_____________ 20)_____________

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F E N E A Y Q C C D P R F K V F V F L A T T E N O M I X K P Y R M K V S B G U J S N Y P O M A Y N I L Q R E A L H V V H A C L I Z H B Z L B S I D O C Z M D R B F E W Y A E U O V Y S X M P H E H H M K A Y R B N T G R S U E C I L S A O A I M I D R Q Q N B S N O A E A Z G R J S A Z A I K S S K R R O Q I D X P T F Y O T G D P T B O G W G F R E Y B F V U R Z Z H O W F H V E C K G L E E P N S B C T V H T A Y F K R Q B N W X X L Z X Y E D K N E A D Q W

1) BOIL 2) BREAK 3) CARVE 4) CHOP 5) DRAIN 6) FLATTEN 7) FRY 8) GRATE 9) KNEAD 10) MASH 11) MIX 12) PEEL 13) POUR 14) ROAST 15) SLICE 16) SPREAD 17) SPRINKLE 18) SQUEEZE 19) STIR 20) WHISK

ccooookkIInngg VVEERRBBSS WWOORRDDSSEEAARRCCHH PPUUZZZZLLEE FIND AND CIRCLE THE WORDS IN THE WORDSEARCH PUZZLE AND NUMBER THE PICTURES

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Read the recipe and answer the questions.

French Toast

Makes 4 two-piece servings. You’ll need: • 4 eggs • 4 tablespoons sugar • ½ cup milk • ½ teaspoon cinnamon • ¼ teaspoon nutmeg • 4 to 6 tablespoons butter • 8 slices of bread • maple syrup • powdered sugar

What to do: 1. Combine eggs, sugar, milk and spices in a bowl. 2. Put sliced bread into mixture and turn until bread is soaked. 3. Melt 4 tablespoons butter in frying pan. 4. When butter bubbles, place soaked bread in pan and brown on both sides. 5. Add additional butter to pan when needed. 6. Place two pieces on each plate, cover with maple syrup and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

From Rookie Cookie’s Goodies, The Mini Page®

1. Which things are most important in this recipe? a. Powdered sugar and nutmeg b. Cinnamon and maple syrup c. Bread and milk d. Eggs and sugar

2. How many servings will this recipe make? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

T E X T 1

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3. In which step should you be the most careful? a. Step 1: Combine eggs, sugar, milk and spices in a bowl. b. Step 2: Put sliced bread into mixture and turn until bread is soaked. c. Step 4: When butter bubbles, place soaked bread in pan and brown

on both sides d. Step 6: Place two pieces on each plate, cover with maple syrup and

sprinkle with powdered sugar.

4. If you wanted to change the recipe to make 8 servings, what would you have to do?

a. Melt the butter longer b. Cook the bread for less time c. Double all the ingredients d. Leave out the eggs

5. Which best describes the French toast? a. Cool and sweet b. Crunchy and spicy c. Warm and sweet d. Hot and soupy

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This recipe comes from Revolutionary War times, when General George Washington and his soldiers made oatmeal at Valley Forge. Read the recipe to learn more about it and answer the questions that follow.

VALLEY FORGE OATMEAL

Valley Forge Oatmeal was simple to make. Today, by adding some special ingredients, it can be a delicious treat, too.

“Valley Forge Oatmeal” excerpted from Things to Make and Do for George Washington’s Birthday by Michael Cooper. Copyright © 1979, by Franklin Watts, Inc.

T E X T 2 23

1. What is the main purpose of this selection?

A to tell a story about Valley Forge

B to show how to cook outdoors

C to convince people to eat oatmeal

D to tell how to do something

2. Which things are most important in

this recipe?

A honey and raisins

B salt and butter

C rolled oats and water

D milk and cinnamon

3. Why does the recipe include the list of

things at the beginning?

A to tell how much the recipe will cost

B to help a person plan the recipe

C to give instructions for doing the recipe

D to show what the finished recipe looks like

4. In which step should a person making this recipe be most careful?

A Step 1 - mixing and cooking

B Step 4 - adding raisins

C Step 7 - adding honey and mixing

D Step 8 - adding milk

5. Which of the following best describes Valley Forge Oatmeal?

A cool and creamy

B crunchy and spicy

C warm and sweet

D chewy and fruity

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1. To make this recipe, you must use —an electric mixer. a refrigerator.an oven. a can opener.

2. Which ingredient do you use the most of in this recipe?cinnamon nutmeggraham cracker crumbs corn syrup

3. What is the last step in this recipe?

JG

HF

DB

CA

Makes 6 servings.

T E X T 3 How do you make peanut butter balls?

Here’s what’s cooking Recipe from the kitchen of

If you like peanut butter, you’ll love this treat. The steps are easy, and there’s nothing to cook. You can make it all by yourself!

Graham Crackers

What you need:1 1/4 cups graham cracker crumbs 1/2 cup peanut butter2 tablespoons sugar 1/3 cup corn syrup1/2 teaspoon cinnamon 1 cup powdered sugar1/4 teaspoon nutmeg

What you do:1. In a bowl, mix together the graham cracker crumbs, sugar,

cinnamon, and nutmeg.2. Add the peanut butter and corn syrup. Stir well.3. Roll heaping teaspoons of the mixture into balls. Place them

on a large plate covered with wax paper. Put the plate in therefrigerator for an hour.

4. Take peanut butter balls out of refrigerator. Put powdered sugar ina small bowl. Roll each ball in the powdered sugar until it is covered.

2925

The city of Whitingham is holding a children’s treasure hunt.Children between the ages of seven and twelve may take part. Thetreasure hunt will take place at Benoit Park on May 31 at 1:00 P.M.Children should meet inside the park’s west gate.

Treasure hunters will be given a set of ten clues that lead to thetreasure. Children may hunt alone or in teams. The hidden treasureis a box filled with coupons worth $300 in all. The coupons can beused at these places:

Aggie’s Ice Cream ShopBike and Skate WorldFeather and Fish Pet StoreGibbons Bowling AlleyWhitingham Roller RinkToy City

In case of rain, the treasurehunt will take place on June 7at 1:00 P.M.

1. Where will the treasure hunt take place?Whitingham Roller Rink Gibbons Bowling AlleyToy City Benoit Park

2. What is inside the hidden treasure box?

3. What will happen to the treasure hunt if it rains on May 31?

DB

CA

Te x t 4 Where and when is the treasure hunt?

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April 11Dear Morey,

I just got your letter with the picture of you riding your bike.From the smile on your face, I can tell how much fun you’re having. I still remember when you could hardly ride a tricycle.You’ve come a long way!

Now here’s some advice. I’m sure you’re a good rider. But you will fall off that bike now and then. So please get yourself ahelmet. Wear it every time you ride. A helmet will help protectyou from a head injury. Wearing a helmet when you ride a bike isas important as wearing your seat belt when you ride in a car!

No, I’m not trying to be a bossy know-it-all. I just don’t want abad fall to wipe that smile off your face. When you come to visitthis summer, bring your bike and your helmet. We’ll take somegreat rides together!

Your cousin,Vera

T E X T 5 What advice does Vera give to her cousin?

1. From this letter, what can you tell about the picture ofMorey that he sent to Vera?

He is riding a tricycle. He is in his driveway.He is not wearing a helmet. He is looking scared.

2. Vera’s advice shows that she —cares a lot about safety. doesn’t like riding bikes.is often bossy and mean. is learning to drive a car.

3. What will Morey do with Vera during the summer?

JG

HF

DB

CA

27

n a marsh somewhere inNorth Carolina, a hungry flyis looking for a meal. A plant

called the Venus flytrap seems likea good bet. Its leaves, which growin pairs like a clam’s shell, shinewith a sweet juice. So the flylands on a leaf. Then it takes a few steps toward the juice.

Snap! The leaves close tightaround the fly. It is trapped.Now, instead of enjoying theVenus flytrap’s sweet juice, the fly will be eaten by the plant.

Of course, most plants don’t eat insects. They can get all thenutrients they need from the soil.But North Carolina’s marshes aremissing some important nutrients.Few plants can grow there. TheVenus flytrap can, though,because it gets the nutrients it needs from the insects it eats.

Te x t 6 What is a Venus flytrap?

The leaves of the Venus flytrapare covered with small hairs.

The Venus flytrap senses theinsect when it touches the hairs.

In less than a second, the leavessnap shut. The insect is trapped.

28

1. Where does the Venus flytrap grow?

2. The Venus flytrap attracts insects because it —has leaves that grow in pairs.smells like a clam.has sweet juice on its leaves.has nutrients that insects need.

3. What causes the Venus flytrap to close its leavesaround an insect?

4. Look at the last picture and read the sentence thatgoes with it. What will happen next to the insect inthis picture?

5. How is the Venus flytrap different from most plants?It needs nutrients.It has shiny leaves.It grows in soil.It eats insects.J

H

G

F

D

C

B

A

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T E X T 7 Who were Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling?

Panda Pairn 1972, Americans fell in lovewith two giant pandas named

Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling. Thepandas came to the United Statesfrom China. The National Zoo inWashington, D.C., became thepandas’ new home. On their firstday there, 20,000 people visitedthe two pandas. The crowds keptcoming year after year.

Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Lingwere just cubs when they got tothe United States. As the yearspassed, many hoped the pairwould have cubs of their own.Ling-Ling gave birth severaltimes. But none of the babies

lived more than a few days. Eachtime a cub died, people aroundthe world felt sad.

Both pandas lived to an oldage. Ling-Ling was 23 when shedied in 1992. Hsing-Hsing diedin 1999 at the age of 28. But thepandas were not forgotten. At theNational Zoo, the glass walls oftheir home were covered with letters from children. The lettersexpressed the children’s love forthe pandas and told how muchthey were missed.

5

1. The author wrote this passage mostly to —tell about Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling.explain where giant pandas come from.describe a giant panda’s cubs.convince people to visit the National Zoo.

2. According to the author, how did people feel about the pandas?

3. If you visited the National Zoo in 2000, what wouldyou have seen at the pandas’ home?

D

C

B

A

24 Nonfiction Passages for Test Practice: Grades 2-3 © Michael Priestley, Scholastic Teaching Resources

30

Let our Super Art Box bring out the artist in you.

All you need are the ideas.

The Super Art Box supplies the rest.

Together, we’ll make beautiful pictures!

Te x t 8 Would you buy this art kit?

You can buy the Super Art Box for the low, low price of just$12.95. You won’t find a better deal than the Super Art Box! Getyours today at the BMJ Pharmacy or Value Mart nearest you!

12 Markers

20 Crayons

10 WatercolorDiscs

2 Paintbrushes

8 ColoredPencils

Sharpener

Eraser

3531

1. Which of these is included in the Super Art Box?pastepaintbrushesstickersideas for projects

2. To use most of the items in the Super Art Box, youwould need —

paper. scissors.glue. tape.

3. How many markers come with the Super Art Box?

4. What items in the Super Art Box can the sharpener beused with?

5. Where can you buy the Super Art Box?

6. What is the main purpose of this advertisement?

JG

HF

D

C

B

A

32

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, it

chan

ges

its

posi

tion.

O

bjec

ts c

an m

ove

from

one

pla

ce t

o an

othe

r. Th

ey

can

mov

e in

man

y di

rect

ions

. I

f yo

u ro

ll a

ball,

it

mig

ht m

ove

in a

str

aigh

t lin

e. I

t m

ight

als

o m

ove

in

a cu

rve.

A s

win

g ca

n m

ove

back

and

for

th. A

light

sw

itch

can

mov

e up

and

dow

n. F

ans

have

bla

des

that

m

ove

in a

circ

le.

If y

ou w

ant

to k

now

if s

omet

hing

is m

ovin

g,

you

can

com

pare

it t

o ot

her

thin

gs a

roun

d it

that

ar

e no

t m

ovin

g. I

f t

he t

hing

s be

hind

the

obj

ect

are

chan

ging

, th

e ob

ject

is p

roba

bly

mov

ing.

If

they

are

no

t ch

angi

ng, th

e ob

ject

is p

roba

bly

not

mov

ing.

You

can

mea

sure

the

dis

tanc

e an

obj

ect

mov

es.

Just

mea

sure

the

dis

tanc

e be

twee

n w

here

it w

as w

hen

it st

arte

d to

mov

e an

d w

here

it w

as w

hen

it st

oppe

d.

Dis

tanc

e ca

n be

mea

sure

d in

inch

es, fe

et, ya

rds

or

mile

s. T

hose

mea

sure

men

ts a

re in

the

cus

tom

ary

syst

em. It

can

als

o be

mea

sure

d in

mill

imet

ers,

ce

ntim

eter

s, m

eter

s an

d ki

lom

eter

s. T

hose

m

easu

rem

ents

are

in t

he m

etric

sys

tem

.

An

swer

th

e fo

llo

win

g q

ues

tio

ns

bas

ed o

n t

he

read

ing

p

assa

ge.

Do

n’t

fo

rget

to

go

bac

k to

th

e p

assa

ge

wh

enev

er n

eces

sary

to

fin

d o

r co

nfi

rm y

ou

r an

swer

s.

1) W

hen

som

ethi

ng is

in m

otio

n, w

hat

does

it c

hang

e?__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

__2)

How

doe

s a

swin

g m

ove?

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

3) H

ow d

oes

a lig

ht s

witc

h m

ove?

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

4) H

ow c

an y

ou t

est

if so

met

hing

is

mov

ing

or n

ot?

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

5) W

hat

is o

ne u

nit

of m

easu

rem

ent

you

coul

d us

e to

mea

sure

dis

tanc

e?__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

__

T

E

X

T

9

33

An e

cosy

stem

is a

ll the thin

gs that in

tera

ct in

a s

pecifi c

are

a, w

heth

er

they a

re liv

ing o

r non

-liv

ing. S

om

e e

xam

ple

s

of n

on-liv

ing thin

gs that support

life in a

n e

cosyste

m a

re

lig

ht, a

ir, soil a

nd w

ate

r. L

ivin

g thin

gs a

re the p

lants

and

an

imals

, called o

rgan

ism

s, that use those r

esourc

es.

Each o

f th

e s

pecifi c

ecosyste

ms in the w

orld h

as its

ow

n c

onditio

ns c

reate

d b

y the n

on

-liv

ing thin

gs. T

hese

co

nditio

ns d

ete

rmin

e w

hat kin

ds o

f livin

g thin

gs w

ill be a

ble

to th

rive there

. O

rganis

ms c

an o

nly

thrive w

here

their n

eeds

are

bein

g m

et.

Every

thin

g in a

n o

rganis

m’s

environm

ent

ha

s a

n e

ffect on it. O

ne e

cosyste

m that allow

s m

any

diffe

rent kin

ds o

f org

anis

ms to thrive is a

tem

pera

te z

one.

It is a

n a

rea w

here

the c

onditio

ns n

ever

becom

e too h

ot or

too

cold

.

All the liv

ing thin

gs in a

n e

cosyste

m a

re c

alled a

com

mu

nit

y. A

ll o

f one s

pecifi c

kin

d o

f org

anis

m liv

ing

in a

com

munity is c

alled a

popula

tion. A

ll the tre

e fro

gs

in a

rain

fore

st com

munity a

re o

ne p

opula

tion w

ithin

the

co

mm

unity. A

ll the w

hite b

irch tre

es a

re a

noth

er

popula

tion

within

the s

am

e c

om

munity. A

ll the

jaguars

are

yet anoth

er

rain

fore

st com

munity p

opula

tion.

All liv

ing o

rganis

ms p

erf

orm

cert

ain

life p

rocesses. T

hey

take

in n

utr

ients

lik

e a

ir, sunlight, w

ate

r, a

nd food. T

hey

use

energ

y fro

m those n

utr

ients

to g

row

and d

evelo

p. T

hey

rele

ase e

nerg

y b

y d

oin

g w

ork

and m

ovin

g. T

hey r

ele

ase

wa

ste

pro

ducts

. T

hey r

eact to

thin

gs in their e

nvironm

ent.

Th

ey r

epro

duce, pro

ducin

g o

ffsprin

g, or

babie

s, th

at are

sim

ilar

to them

selv

es.

An

swer

th

e fo

llow

ing

qu

esti

on

s b

ased

on

th

e re

adin

g p

assa

ge.

Do

n’t

fo

rget

to

go

bac

k to

th

e p

assa

ge

wh

enev

er n

eces

sary

to

fi n

d o

r co

nfi

rm

you

r an

swer

s.

1)

What

is o

ne

exa

mp

le o

f a

no

n-liv

ing

th

ing

in

an

ecosyste

m?

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

2)

What

are

th

ree

of

the

life

pro

ce

sse

s t

ha

t livin

g

org

anis

ms d

o?

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

3)

What

does p

op

ula

tio

n m

ea

n in

a c

om

mu

nity?

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

4) W

hen d

oe

s a

n o

rga

nis

m t

hrive

?

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

5)

Why d

oes a

te

mp

era

te z

on

e s

up

po

rt m

an

y

varieties o

f org

an

ism

s?

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

___________

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

_

Copyright

20

11

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r-

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p:/

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rea

de

r.co

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��Name:__________________________________

A

nec

osy

stem

isall t

he t

hin

gs t

hat

inte

ract

in a

specific

are

a, w

heth

er

they a

re liv

ing, or

non-liv

ing.

Som

e e

xam

ple

s o

f

non-liv

ing t

hin

gs t

hat

support

life in a

n e

cosyste

m a

re lig

ht,

air,

soil, and w

ate

r. L

ivin

g t

hin

gs

are

the o

rgan

ism

s(pla

nts

and

anim

als

) t

hat

use t

hose r

esourc

es. Each o

f th

e s

pecific

ecosyste

ms in t

he

world h

as its

ow

n c

onditio

ns c

reate

d b

y t

he

non-liv

ing t

hin

gs. These c

onditio

ns d

ete

rmin

e w

hat

kin

ds o

f

livin

g t

hin

gs w

ill be a

ble

to t

hrive t

here

. O

rganis

ms c

an o

nly

thrive w

here

their n

eeds a

re b

ein

gm

et.

Every

thin

gin

an

org

anis

m’s

environm

ent

has a

n e

ffect

on it.

A t

em

pera

te z

one

is a

n a

rea w

here

the c

onditio

ns

never

becom

e t

oo h

ot

or

too

cold

,allow

ing

many

diffe

rent

kin

ds

of

org

anis

ms

toth

rive.

All

the

livin

gth

ings

in a

n e

cosyste

m a

re c

alled a

com

mu

nit

y. A

ll o

f one s

pecific

kin

d o

forg

anis

mlivin

gin

a

com

munity

iscalled

apopula

tion. All t

he

tree f

rogs

in a

rain

fore

st

com

munity a

re o

ne p

opula

tion w

ithin

the

com

munity.

All t

he w

hite b

irch t

rees a

re a

noth

er

popula

tion

within

the

sam

e

com

munity.

All t

he jaguars

are

yet

anoth

er

rain

fore

st

com

munity

popula

tion.

All

livin

gorg

anis

ms

perf

orm

cert

ain

life p

rocesses. They

take

innutr

ients

like

air,sunlight,

wate

r,and

food.They

use

energ

y f

rom

those n

utr

ients

to g

row

and

develo

p.They

rele

ase

energ

y b

y d

oin

g w

ork

and m

ovin

g. They r

ele

ase w

aste

pro

ducts

. They r

eact

toth

ings in t

heir e

nvironm

ent.

They

rep

rod

uce

,pro

ducin

goff

spring

(babie

s) t

hat

are

sim

ilar

to

them

selv

es.

pas

sag

e. D

on

’t f

org

etto

go

bac

k to

th

e p

assa

ge

wh

enev

ern

eces

sary

tofi

nd

or

con

firm

you

ran

swer

s.

1) W

hat

would

happen t

o t

he liv

ing o

rganis

ms in a

n e

cosyste

m if

som

e o

f th

e n

on-liv

ing t

hin

gs w

ere

rem

oved? W

hy?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2) W

hat

are

som

eof

the life p

rocesses t

hat

livin

g o

rganis

ms d

o?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

3) W

hat

would

happen in a

n e

cosyste

m if

one p

opula

tion g

rew

too larg

e f

or

its n

eeds t

o b

e m

et?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4)

Expla

inhow

the

livin

gand

non-liv

ing p

art

s o

fan e

cosyste

m

work

togeth

er.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5)

Why

does

ate

mpera

tezone

support

the

gre

ate

st

variety

of

org

anis

ms?

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Cro

ss-C

urr

icu

lar

Re

ad

ing

Co

mp

reh

en

sio

nW

ork

sh

ee

ts:

D-2

of3

6

T

E

X

T

10

34

ave you ever heard of the“space race”? It sounds like a

game, but it was not. The “spacerace” was a kind of contestbetween the United States andthe Soviet Union. Both countrieswanted to be the first to send people into outer space.

Both the Soviet Union and theUnited States sent rockets intospace in the 1950s, but not people. Then in 1961, aman from the SovietUnion became the firstperson to travel inspace. Yuri Gagarinwent around Earth in aspaceship. He was inspace for 108 minutesas he orbited Earth.

People in the UnitedStates were unhappy.They had hoped anAmerican would befirst in space. SoonPresident John F. Kennedyannounced that Americans wouldbe the first to land on the moon.He said they would get there by 1970.

Landing on the moon hardlyseemed possible at the time. Onlyone American had ever traveled inspace and for only 15 minutes. Atrip to the moon and back would

take eight days! But PresidentKennedy’s promise was kept.

On July 16, 1969, a huge whiterocket blasted off from the UnitedStates. It was carrying a spacecraftcalled Apollo 11. In the spacecraftwere three U.S. astronauts: NeilArmstrong, Michael Collins, andBuzz Aldrin. They had been intraining for many months. Nowthey were heading for the moon.

Apollo 11 traveledquickly through space.On the fourth day, itwas near the moon.Armstrong and Aldrinput on spacesuits. Theycrawled into the Eagle.That was their landingcraft. It would leave thecommand ship andland on the moon.

Collins stayed in thecommand ship. Heorbited the moon while

the Eagle went in for a landing.Armstrong and Aldrin watchedthe moon getting closer and closer. Finally Armstrong easedthe landing craft down. He usedhis radio to tell people on Earth,“The Eagle has landed.” He andAldrin stepped out into a strangenew world. They were walking onthe moon!

28

Te x t 11 When did people first land on the moon?

24 Nonfiction Passages for Test Practice: Grades 2-3 © Michael Priestley, Scholastic Teaching Resources

35

1. Who was the first person to travel into space?Buzz AldrinNeil ArmstrongMichael CollinsYuri Gagarin

2. The article says, “He orbited Earth.” What doesorbited mean?

went toleftwent aroundwatched

3. Which men walked on the moon in 1969? Writetheir names.

4. Which of these things did Neil Armstrong do first?eased the Eagle down on the moonput on a spacesuitused his radio to talk to people on Earthcrawled into the Eagle

5. Write a summary of Apollo 11’s trip to the moon.

D

C

B

A

J

H

G

F

D

C

B

A

36