Chesapeake v. New England Colonies With your partner, compare and contrast the Chesapeake and New England colonies using the Venn diagram. Use your prior knowledge, notes, homework, classwork, and textbook to help! Be MAGPIES! REVIEW SWBAT: Explain why the demand for slaves increased in North America THE SLAVE TRADE What was the chief crop produced by Western Hemisphere slaves? How is the work of growing and harvesting the crop divided? Does it look like men and women did similar or different jobs? DO NOW Individually read, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Annotate the text as you read Discuss the question at the end of the excerpt with your partner. READING Atlantic Slave Trade Infographic Atlantic Slave Trade Infographic What conclusions can you draw from this infographic? THE MIDDLE PASSAGE Statistics million slaves transported to New World 70% of slaves are male Mortality rates 3 week journey = 5% mortality rate 3 month journey = 20% mortality rate 1.5 million died overall (14%) 1 in 10 voyages had a staged revolt 100,000 died in these insurrections THE MIDDLE PASSAGE Rebellion, sabotage & escape From the Latin American Spanish word cimarrn: feral animal, fugitive, runaway African refugees, & their dependents, who escaped slavery in the Americas & formed independent settlements MAROONS Abundance of land Need for labor Crops grown for export (sugar, tobacco, rice) Previous enslavement of Indians Slaves could not claim protections of English common law as indentured servants could Terms of service never expire REASONS FOR SLAVERY Burned for 4 days Broke out in the house of King Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge No need to go to New World for jobs Need for slaves increased THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON 1666 Labor need Africans were already enslaving each other Prejudice came first Unthinking decision - it just happened THEORIES The colonies/United States imported 6% of the slaves who were forced across the Atlantic Ocean 70% go to VA and SC 20% to Maryland 10% to the North SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES August 20, 1619: first African American slaves arrived in English North America by a Dutch trade ship named the White Lion- reported by John Rolfe, Virginias first tobacco planter and husband of Pocahontas On average, a slave owner owned 2-3 slaves 1662: In cases where one parent was free and the other enslaved, the childs status was determined by the status of the mother - What might this promote? Sexual abuse SLAVERY IN THE CHESAPEAKE 1667: Conversion to Christianity did not release slaves from bondage No need to have guilt about enslaving fellow Christians Interracial offspring illegitimate White women who birth a black mans baby could be severely punished British America did not distinguish mixed-races. The law treated everyone with African ancestry as black SLAVERY IN CHESAPEAKE Carolinas, Georgia Slavery system based on rice production The Rice Kingdom Rice requires stagnant water - swamps are drained & irrigation systems created - plantations left under the control of overseers & slaves Large plantations required to make back initial investment Average slave owner had 30 150 slaves What conditions might be faced in this environment? Mosquito diseases, exhaustive labor, high death rates SLAVERY IN LOWCOUNTRY The Task System Plantation owners left the plantation in hot weather Slaves retained their own languages, work with whom they pleased, and once task was complete, they could leave the field SLAVERY IN LOWCOUNTRY Due to large number of slaves needed & death rates on rice plantations, African slave arrival was continuous Allows for re-Africanization of the black population 1705: blacks comprise majority of South Carolinas population 1762: one district had 76 white males & 1,000 slaves Where were the majority of imported slaves sent? How would descendants of African American women be labeled/treated? WRAP UP INFOGRAPHIC