Developmental Research and Addiction Opportunities

The Collaborative Science of Home Visiting Meeting May 6, 2015

Cheryl Anne Boyce, Ph.D. Branch Chief

and Associate Director for Child and Adolescent Research

Division of Clinical Neuroscience and Behavioral Research March 10, 2015

Author’s Disclosures

Dr. Boyce is a federal employee who is required to disclose all financial holdings as public record and has no conflicting outside activities or financial holdings to disclose. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

Practice Systems Effect-iveness

Efficacy

Pilot/ Feasibility

NIDA Prevention Pipeline

Services Research

Implementation Research

Clinical Trials

Intervention Modality (e.g., Face-to-face, Technology, Environmental, Media, Policy, etc.)

Intervention Context (e.g., Family, School, Community, Multiple, etc.)

Risk-based Population Target (Universal/Selective/Indicated/Tiered)

Genetics Genetics

Brain Development Neurobiology

Behav. Change Theory

Etiology Epidemiology

Greater Diversity in Research Workforce is Needed

An NIH-wide Priority: NIH Advisory Committee to the Director Working Group on Workforce Diversity

June 2012 – Working Group provided recommendations to the ACD and NIH Director in four areas:

– Pipeline – Infrastructure – Mentoring – Peer Review

http://acd.od.nih.gov/Diversity-in-the-Biomedical-Workforce-Implementation-Plan.pdf

The NIH is implementing some of these recommendations through the Common Fund’s “Enhancing the Diversity of the NIH-Funded Workforce” program. This program will develop and test potentially transformative approaches to training and mentoring, ultimately transforming the entire pipeline.

NIH Research Project Grants (RPGs)

What is a grant? • Grant-in-Aid: funding mechanism that allows you to carry out independent research

on a problem of importance to public health

What kinds of RPGs are there? • Fellowship training (F, T) • Career Development (K) • Regular Research (R series) • Team Science (P, U) • Shared instrumentation (S)

Who is eligible to apply? • Grants are made to institutions in the name of a principal investigator

• Some have citizenship requirements (F, T, K) • If not, then there must be appropriate work visa in place • The institution defines who is eligible to apply for an R01

Which Institutes at the NIH award grants? • Of the 27 Institutes and Centers, 24 are authorized to award grants • Most mechanisms are offered

http://report.nih.gov/

Diversity Supplements

• Additional funds are given to a Principal

Investigator to include a researcher on their existing project.

• Individuals from racial and ethnic groups that have been shown by the National Science Foundation to be underrepresented in health-related sciences on a national basis . – The following racial and ethnic groups have

been shown to be underrepresented in biomedical research: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders.

• Individuals from racial or ethnic groups that can be convincingly demonstrated to be underrepresented by the grantee institution should be encouraged to participate in this program.

• Individuals with disabilities, who are defined as those with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

• Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. • Great way to join a research project and

successful research team

Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research (Admin Supp)

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-12-149.html

Disadvantaged Backgrounds and Underrepresented Groups

• Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds are defined as:

– Individuals who come from a family with an annual income below established low-income thresholds.

– Individuals who come from a social, cultural, or educational environment such as that found in certain rural or inner-city environments that have demonstrably and recently directly inhibited the individual from obtaining the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to develop and participate in a research career.

• Individuals from racial or ethnic groups that can be convincingly

demonstrated to be underrepresented by the grantee institution should be encouraged to participate in this program.

Re-entry Supplements

• Additional funds are given to a Principal Investigator to include a researcher on their existing project who has been out of a research career due to health or life choices (e.g. parenting, family care)

• Great way to join a research project

and successful research team and to get funds for a promising researcher who has been out of the workforce

• Maximum of 3 years of supplemental

support available • Career interruption should be no less

than 1 year and no more than 8 years.

Research Supplements to Promote Re-Entry into Biomedical and Behavioral Research Careers (Admin Supp)

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-12-150.html

http://www.lrp.nih.gov/

How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application

(Pequegnat, Stover, & Boyce, 2011)

• Selecting the Appropriate Research Mechanism: Finding the Right Match (Boyce & Ferrell Aklin, 2011)

• Human Subject Protection and Special Population Issues (Wishnoff, Hayes-Shell, Shore & Boyce, 2011)

• Developing Your Resume and Presenting Your Research Team (Kytle, & Boyce, 2011)

http://www.springer.com/medicine/book/978-1-4419-1453-8

Community Based Participatory Research

Community Based Participatory Research Health Disparities Tool (NIMHD) • Purpose: Expand the science and practice of how communities create

conditions that promote health and health equity • Model: Community members are equal partners in research

– Different timeframes and cost – Competitively difficult to fund – Move research to practice

• Predictive models and algorithms • Translating findings to practice • Diversity representation in accessing genomic medicine • Recruiting and retaining diverse populations in clinical research trials • Centralized resources

http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/programs/extra/cbpr.html

Developmental Approach to Community Based Participatory Research

• U.S. population is increasing, older and more diverse. – More older citizens. – Youngest populations are the most diverse.

• 47% percent of children under five are racial/ethnic minorities

• Increasingly Hispanic child population in the U.S.

Challenge to CBPR • Consider family generational influences

– Role of nativity and timing – Inclusion in big data efforts

• Genomic data • Innovative technologies (e.g. experience sampling)

– SES and inherited wealth • Increase recruitment across development time points and

family members and generations for meaningful analyses. • Consider genes, development and environment

– (G x D x E ) • New technologies

– Engagement – Feedback

www.nida.nih.gov/ctn

http://ctndisseminationlibrary.org

http://obssr.od.nih.gov/about_obssr/about.aspx

www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov

The Team Science Toolkit is an interactive website that provides resources to help users support, engage in, and study team-based research.

Toolkit Resources If you are: And you want to: Use the Toolkit to find resources such as:

A leader or member of a science team

Find practical tools and strategies to help support successful team science

•Publications on effective team science approaches •Pre-collaboration discussion guides addressing issues such as data ownership, authorship, and patents •Strategies for team communication and data sharing •Training resources to build team science competencies

A team science evaluator or researcher

Evaluate or study team science processes, outcomes, and contextual influences

•Survey instruments and interview guides •Measures, metrics and algorithms •Reliability, validity and scoring methods

An administrator at an academic institution, business, or other organization

Support team science approaches and scholarship at your institution

•Promotion and tenure policies recognizing team science •Collaboration techniques to bridge departments and organizations

A funding agency official

Provide support for team science

•Funding announcements •Protocols for data sharing and co-authorship

Data Harmonization and Team Science

Seek, Test, Treat and Retain

Opportunities from Secondary Data Analyses and Data Archives

Addiction, HIV and Other At-Risk Populations

National Data Sets and Other Longitudinal Data Efforts

National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Collaborative Developmental Research on Addiction

Critical time points during childhood and adolescence to understand mechanisms, trajectories, prevention and treatments for drug abuse addiction.

(NESARC, 2002)

(NIAAA, 2008)

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

NAS per 1000 Hospital Births per Year Rates of Maternal Opiate Use per 1000 Hospital Births per Year

(Patrick et al., 2012)

Collaborative Projects Involving Developmental Exposures

NIDA Home Visitation Research

Project Number:

5R01DA021624-05 Contact PI / Project Leader:

OLDS, DAVID L

Title: AGE-17 FOLLOW-UP OF HOME VISITING INTERVENTION

Awardee Organization:

UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER

This study is a longitudinal follow-up of 670 primarily African-American women and their 17-year-old first-born children enrolled since 1990 in a highly significant randomized controlled trial of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses. Nurses in this program are charged with improving pregnancy outcomes, child health and development, and maternal economic self-sufficiency.

NIDA System Science

Project Number

5P30DA027828-04 Contact PI / Project Leader:

BROWN, C. HENDRICKS

Title: CENTER FOR PREVENTION IMPLEMENTATION METHODS FOR DRUG ABUSE & SEX RISK BEHAVIOR

Awardee Organization:

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO

The Center for Prevention Implementation Methodology (Ce-PIM) for Drug Abuse and Sexual Risk Behavior is designed to accelerate research through the application and integration of system science methods. These system science methods directly model the complex interactions that occur across multiple levels and organizations as prevention programs are implemented. Sophisticated social networking, systems engineering, and computational modeling approaches are used to address the major methodologic gaps that are holding back the movement of science to practice.

NIDA Screening in Pediatric Primary Care

This proposal is to test the effectiveness of integrating and adapting two NIDA- funded procedures for use in primary care pediatric clinics serving low-income youth: 1) the Urgency Indicator (UI) - a nurse-administered screening tool for high risk of substance use (SU) prior to high school and thus also for SUD and 2) the Family Check-Up (FCU) - a brief, family-based program to prevent SU/SUD with replicated efficacy. Recent American Academy of Pediatrics policy calls for this type of approach for preventing SU/SUD and outlines six barriers that have precluded a screening and referral-to-treatment approach for SU prevention in primary care.

Project Number

1R01DA036628-01 Contact PI / Project Leader:

RIDENOUR, TY A

Title: SUBSTANCE USE SCREENING AND PREVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE

Awardee Organization:

RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE

www.nida.nih.gov