cheo project red rocks community college nua 101 – certified nurse aide health care skills unit 27...
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CHEO PROJECT
R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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OBJECTIVES
Spell and define terms
Describe aging changes of gastrointestinal system
Describe some common disorders of gastrointestinal system
Describe NA actions related to care of patients with disorders of gastrointestinal system
List signs and symptoms NA should observe and report
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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INTRODUCTION• Digestive tract extends from mouth to anus
• Receives help from teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas in breaking down food into simpler substances
• Substances are used by body cells to carry on work of supplying nutrition and eliminating wastes
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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DIGESTIVE CHANGES WITH AGE
Colon slows down, causing: Food to remain in stomach longer Slower food absorption Slower elimination
Taste buds lost
Saliva production decreases
Gag reflex less effective
Fewer digestive enzymes Resulting in indigestion and slower absorption of fat
Constipation
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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COMMON DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
Ulcers
Ulcerative colitis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Hernias
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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COMMON CONDITIONS
Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Constipation
Fecal impaction
Diarrhea
Diverticulitis
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COMMON PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE LOWER BOWEL
Frequency of bowel elimination varies among individuals
Some people have more than one bowel movement (BM) a day Others have BM every two or three days
BM usually soft and formed
If BM passes through colon too quickly, loose and watery in consistency
Diarrhea Multiple watery stools
If BM passes through colon too slowly, hard, dry, or sticky and pasty in consistency
Constipation
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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COMMON PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE LOWER BOWEL
Fecal material normally brown Color can be affected by certain foods, medications, and diseases
Abdominal distention Occurs when abdomen enlarges and appears bloated Usually occurs as result of flatus (gas) Are other causes
Fecal impaction Most serious form of constipation Caused by retention of stool in rectum where water is absorbed
Rectal prolapse Large portion of rectum protrudes from body
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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COMMON PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE LOWER BOWEL
Over time, stool becomes hard and dry Patient cannot pass it
Dried waste irritates bowel
Mucus dissolves hard, outer part of mass
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NURSE AIDE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH BOWEL CARE
Monitor bowel elimination and report irregularities
Record bowel movements on flow sheet
If the patient is independent with bowel elimination, ask if had BM each day
Report the following to nurse: Frequent stools Absence of stools Pain Cramping Excessive flatulence
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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NURSE AIDE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH BOWEL CARE
Report the following to nurse: Abnormal color or consistency of stool Extremely small amounts of stool Hard, dry stool Enlargement of abdomen
Save abnormal stools for nurse to assess
Report the following stool abnormalities:
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NURSE AIDE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH BOWEL CAREReport the following stool abnormalities: Blood Pus Mucus Black or other unusual color Undigested food
Except corn and raisins Presence of parasites
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ENEMAS
Cleansing enema Introduces fluid into rectum to remove feces and flatus from colon and
rectum
Avoid giving enema within an hour after meals Increases peristalsis
Making it difficult for the patient to retain solution
Avoid administering enema to the patient in sitting position. Solution will not flow into colon
Causes rectum to enlarge Causing rapid expulsion of fluid
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R E D R O C K S C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E
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RECTAL TUBE AND FLATUS BAG
Used to enable gas in bowel to escape Use once every 24 hours for 20 minutes
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OSTOMIES
Ostomy Surgical removal of a section of diseased bowel
Creates artificial opening in abdominal wall for elimination of solid waste and flatus
Appliance contains waste products Skin irritation is great risk