chemistry what is matter
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Chemistry
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What is chemistry?
Study of the properties of matter and how they change
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Structure of an Atom
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Elements on the Periodic Table
• Atomic Mass– Average mass of elements atom
• Atomic Number– Number of protons in the nucleus
• Symbol – Letter (s) used to represent the element
• Group– Columns of elements
• Period– Rows of elements
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Drawing an Atomic Model
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What is a compound?
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How do you find the Molecular Weight of a compound?
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Electron Dot Diagrams
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3 States of Matter
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4th state - PlasmaState of matter found at extreme conditions. Matter found on the sun is
in this state.
Gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of electrons
examples: man-made That found in plasma displays and TVs
Inside fluorescent lamps (low energy lighting),neon signs Rocket exhaust
naturalLightning The ionosphere The Northern Lights fire
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Types of Matter
Mixturea combination of two or more substances that are NOT
chemically combined
Pure Substancea single kind of matter that has a specific make-up
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Isotopes
When an element has a different number of neutrons
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Carbon Isotopes
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Who was Mendeleev?Russian scientist who recognized a
pattern with the elements.
Created the Periodic Table.
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• Alkali Metals– Very reactive and do not occur freely in nature
– Explode when exposed to water
– Conduct electricity
• Alkaline Earth Metals– Very reactive and do not occur freely in nature
• Transition Metals– ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat – iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce
a magnetic field.
• Other Metals– ductile and malleable – variable oxidation states
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• Non-Metal– are very brittle – no metallic luster, and do not reflect light
• Halogen– called "salts". – Exist at room temp as the 3 states
» Solid- Iodine, Astatine » Liquid- Bromine » Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine
• Noble Gas– Most stable elements