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The Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases The theory y  Acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution. y Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. Neutralisation happens because hydroge n ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water. The Bronsted-Lowry Theory of acids and bases The theory y  An acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor. y  A base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor. The relationship between the Bronsted-Lowry theory and the Arrhenius theory The Bronsted-Lowry theor y doesn't go against the Arrheni us theory in any way - it just adds to it. Hydroxide ions are still bases because they accept hydrogen ions from acids and form water.  An acid produces hydrogen ions in solution because it reacts with t he water molecules by giving a proton to them. When hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water to produce hydrochloric acid, the hydrogen chloride molecule gives a proton (a hydrogen ion) to a water molecule. A co-ordinate (dative covalent) bond is f ormed between one of the lone pairs on the oxygen and the hydrogen from the HCl. Hydroxonium ions, H 3O + , are produced.

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