chemistry of life. n matter -- anything that has mass and takes up space n everything is made of...
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Chemistry of Life
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Chemistry of Life
Matter -- anything that has MASS and takes up SPACE
EVERYTHING is made of matter
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Chemistry of Life
Atoms – the SMALLEST particle that can exist and still be considered matter
All LIVING and NONLIVING things are made of atoms
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Atoms -- have three components
ELECTRONS -- negatively charged
PROTONS -- positively charged; found in nucleus
NEUTRONS -- neutral; found in nucleus
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Electrons
NucleusProtons & Neutrons
Energy Levels
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Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions occur when bonds are FORMED or BROKEN.
This causes them to recombine into different substances.
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Chemical Reactions
Metabolism– All reactions that occur in an
organisms.
These reactions break down and build molecules important to life.
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Chemical Reactions
Mixture:– A combination of a substance in
which the individual components contain their own property.
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Chemistry of the Cell
Solution:– A mixture in which one or more
substances are distributed evenly in another substance.
Solvent:•A substance that can dissolve other substances
Solute:•The substance that is dissolved
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pH
Chemical reactions also depend on the pH of the environment within the organism.
pH-– A measure of how acidic or basic a
solution is.
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pH The scale goes from 0-14
– 0 being the most acidic– 14 being the most basic
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Chemistry of Life
Elements -- a substance that is made of only ONE kind of ATOM
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Reading Periodic Table
Element
AtomicNumber
Symbol
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The Human Body
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Major Elements of Life
C = Carbon H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen P = Phosphorus K = Potassium
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Major Elements of Life
I = IodineN = NitrogenS = SulfurCa = Calcium
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Major Elements of Life
Fe = IronMg = MagnesiumNa = SodiumCl = Chlorine
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Chemistry of Life
Compounds – matter that is made of more than one kind of ATOM
Compounds are made by atoms sharing or taking ELECTRONS from other atom
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Inorganic Compounds
Water ( H2O )Each molecule is made of
two HYDROGEN atoms and one OXYGEN atom
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Water –H20
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Why is water so important to agriculture?
At least 75% of animal body mass is water
Plants contain 70-80% water Transports nutrients and
wastes
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Why is water so important to agriculture?
Dissolves compounds -- “Universal Solvent”
Regulates body temperature in animals
Provides structure for plants
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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds contain carbon.
Carbon forms the structural backbone of all living things.
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Carbohydrates
Organic Compounds that contain: – Carbon
– Hydrogen
– Oxygen
They provide energy
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Carbohydrates
Three Types– Monosaccharides
– Disaccharides
– Polysaccharides
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides– simple SUGAR
– contain C6H12O6
– GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, AND GALACTOSE
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharides– double SUGAR
– contain two RINGS
– SUCROSE and LACTOSE
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides– complex CARBOHYDRATES
– made of RINGS of SUGAR
– STARCH, CELLULOSE, and GLYCOGEN
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Proteins
Basic building material for all living things.
Used for STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
Made of H, O, C, N
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Structure of Proteins
Amino Acids – building BLOCKS– 20 different kinds – all have the same
elements but in different amounts Polypeptides – chains of AMINO
ACIDS Joined by peptide bonds Proteins – chains of POLYPEPTIDES Used to make SKIN, HAIR, MUSCLE,
ORGANS, etc.
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Lipids FATTY molecules used to store ENERGY Made of long chains of H & C followed by
COOH Do not DISSOLVE in WATER Lipids have less OXYGEN than carbohydrates Examples of Lipids are: FATS, OILS, AND
WAXES
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Nucleic Acids
Store INFORMATION that controls CELL activities
Made of a PHOSPHATE a SUGAR, and a BASE.
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Examples of Nucleic Acids are:
DNA : – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The master copy of an organisms information code.
Instructions to form all of an organisms structural proteins
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Examples of Nucleic Acids are:
RNA : – Ribonucleic Acid
This forms a copy of the DNA for use in making protein.
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Atoms are the building block of life!