Chemistry Objective: Discuss chemical elements, compounds, reactions, formulas and

equations

Chemistry Vocab

• Take 15 minutes to look up the definition for the following terms!

1. Chemical

2. Chemistry

3. Matter

4. Mass

5. Volume

6. Energy

Chemistry Vocab

1. Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process

2. Chemistry: the study of the composition of matter and the energy created by the interaction of matter

3. Matter: anything that has mass & volume

4. Mass: quantity of matter in an object often determined by weighing with a scale

5. Volume: something occupies space

6. Energy: ability to do work or cause change

Types of Energy

1. Potential- energy of matter because of its position or compositions; It is stored in the matter.

2. Kinetic- energy of an object in motion.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl4g7T5gw1M

States of Matter

1. Solid- has definite shape & volume

2. Liquid- has definite volume and takes the shape of its container

3. Gaseous- has neither a definite shape or volume; can expand & contract & move around

States of Matter

Why States of Matter Change

• Matter may change from one state to another

• Usually relates to temperature & pressure

• The properties do not change

Properties of Matter

• Property- a characteristic or feature that makes it possible to distinguish between kinds of matter

• Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without altering the matter• Mass, color, shape, length

• Chemical Property- a characteristic that describes the changes matter goes through when its identity is altered to create substances in different forms• Burning wood

Classification of Matter

• Pure substances- matter that has uniform and consistent composition and properties from one sample to another• Ex) salt & sugar

• Mixtures- combination of 2+ different kinds of matter, and it is not definite in proportions of its contents • Solution- a homogenous (uniform) mix.

Can be solid or gas. • Suspension- when particles are dispersed

(mixed) in a fluid medium. Ex) Water in a stream.

Chemistry 101

• Elements form compounds

• Pure substances are either elements or compounds

• Elements do not decompose • An element is a pure substance that

cannot be broken down into other substances

• Examples: Gold, silver, iron

Chemical Elements: The Ingredients of

Matter• Element: a substance consisting

entirely of atoms of the same atomic number

• Everything on earth is made of chemical elements

• 114 chemical elements have been identified • 92 are natural elements found on Earth • The rest are made in a lab

Chemical Elements• All elements have a name

• All elements have a symbol • Most are either 1 or 2 letters • Some officially unnamed have 3 letters • Letters are often letters from English

spelling of the word • Examples: AL for Aluminum C for Carbon

N for Nitrogen O for Oxygen• Some are from Latin

• Examples: Ag for Silver; old name was argentum

K for Potassium Fe for Iron

Chemical Elements

• Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table

• Periodic Table is an arrangement of chemical elements in the order of increasing atomic numbers

• It is in rows and columns

• Take a look at the Periodic Table, how is it organized?

Types of Elements • Metals-an element with metallic luster

• Can be shaped • Are electrical conductors • Ex) Iron, Aluminum, & Copper

• Nonmetals- an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity • Ex) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Sulfur • 11 elements classified as nonmetallic

• Metalloids- elements between metals and nonmetals both in the periodic table and in properties • Ex) Arsenic• 6 elements classified as metalloids

• Noble Gases- do not normally react with other elements • Ex) Neon & helium • 6 elements are classified as noble gases

Atoms

• Atom: smallest part of an element that can take part in a reaction

• Atomic structure: the arrangement of the parts of atoms

• Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus

• Atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Chemical Reactions

• What occurs when a substance becomes another substance with different characteristics

• Types of Reactions:• Composition- when 2+ substances react to

form a more complex product • Decomposition- when chemical

compounds break down • Single Replacement- when 1 element

replaces another in a compound • Double Replacement- when 2 compounds

exchange elements

Chemical Reactions

• Compounds- form when 2+ elements unite to form a substance with qualities different from the elements alone

• Chemical bonding- 2+ elements joining together to form a compound

• Molecule- the smallest amount of a substance that can exist independently and keep the properties of the substance • Ex) Water= 2 hydrogen atoms & 1

oxygen atom

Chemical Reactions

• Learn a little more from Bill Nye!

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlp2y1_bill-nye-chemical-reactions_tech#.URez2lrjk3I

• Write down 15 interesting facts as you learn from Bill Nye the science guy!

Formulas & Equations

• Chemical formula- the combination of chemical symbols and numbers that depict a compound

• A chemical equation shows the element symbols and formulas, the reactants, and the products of a chemical reaction. • Ex) The equation of photosynthesis