chemistry day 62 · do-now: “solutions cn b” 1. write down today’s flt: i will be able to...
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Chemistry Day 62 Wednesday, March 25th, 2020
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Do-Now: “Solutions CN B” 1. Write down today’s FLT: I will be able to
identify the factors that determine the rate at which a solute dissolves by completing Solutions CN B
2. Why is water able to dissolve ionic compounds? Be as specific as possible.
3. Is ice more or less dense than liquid or gas water?
4. Define the word “solution”. 5. Explain if a glass of saltwater is a solution
or not.
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Planner: • Study! I recommend re-doing practice
problems from notes and quizzes. • Write your name on today’s date in your
planner and send it to me on remind for extra dojos
Table of Contents #2: 14. Solutions CN B 15. Solutions WS B
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FLT • I will be able to identify the factors that
determine the rate at which a solute dissolves by completing Solutions CN B
Standard HS-PS1-3:Planandconductaninvestigationtogatherevidencetocomparethestructureofsubstancesatthebulkscaletoinferthestrengthofelectricalforcesbetweenparticles.
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Recall: Water is Polar
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Recall: Like Dissolves Like • Polar/chargedmoleculesdissolveotherpolar/chargedmolecules
• Nonpolarmoleculesdissolveothernonpolarmolecules
• …So,what’sthedifference?
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Solutions CN B: Properties of Solutions
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Recall
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Solvents and Solutes • Solution=homogeneousmixtureofsolvent+solute.
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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
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Mixtures • Mixturesarecombinationsoftwoormoredistinctsubstances
• Mostnaturalsubstancesexistasmixtures– Ex/Evenwatercontainsimpurities,andthereforeexistsasamixture
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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous • Homo=same,Hetero=different• Homogeneousmixture=uniformthroughout(solutions)– Ex/Saltwater,Air
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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous • Homo=same,Hetero=different• Heterogeneousmixture=non-uniformthroughout(unevenlydistributed)– Ex/Saltwaterwithsandinit
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Non-Homogeneous Mixtures
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Mixtures that are NOT Solutions: • Suspensions=mixturesw/largeparticlesthatslowlysettle(ex/sandywater)– Particlesofasuspensionaregreaterindiameterthan1000nm.
– Canbeseparatedbyfiltering
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Mixtures that are NOT Solutions: • Colloids=heterogeneousmixturesw/mediumsizeparticles
• Betweenthesizeofsuspensionsandtruesolutions(1-1000nm)
• Ex/Blood,milk
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Dissolution
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Dissolution • Recall-The“nature”(polarity,orcomposition)ofthesoluteandthesolventwilldetermine…– Whetherasubstancewilldissolve– Howmuchwilldissolve
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Dissolution • Youareaddingsugartoyourtea,butyounoticethatit’snotdissolving.Whatdoyoudo?
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Dissolution • Whichwoulddissolvefaster–asugarcube,orgranulatedsugar?
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Dissolution • Ifwewanttoincreasetherateofdissolution,weneedtoincreasecontactbetweenthesoluteandsolventparticles
• Howcanwedothat?• FactorsAffectingtheRateofDissolution:
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Dissolution 1. Stirring/Agitation
• increases contact between solute & solvent particles
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Dissolution 2. Surface Area (of solute)
• Smaller pieces = more SA = more contact between solute and solvent
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Dissolution 3. Temperature
• High T = Greater avg. KE = Particles move faster = more contact between solute and solvent
• High T can also increase the total amount of solute that will dissolve!
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Saturation
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Saturation • Solubility=maxamtofsubstancethat
willdissolveataspecifictemperature.• Units=gsolute/100gsolvent
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Saturation • UnsaturatedSoln’=Canstilldissolve
moresolute– Ex/Solutecompletelydisappears
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Saturation • SaturatedSoln’=Containsthemaxamt
ofsolutedissolved.
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Saturation • SupersaturatedSoln’=Containsmore
thanittheoreticallycandissolve
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Saturation and Equilibrium
Solute is dissolving
More solute is dissolving, but some is crystallizing
Saturation equilibrium established
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Solubility
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Solubility • éTemperature:
– ésolubilityforsolidsandliquids
• Ex/Sugarintea– êsolubilityfor
gases• Ex/Gasescapes
fromliquidwaterwhenboiling
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Solubility • Whataboutpressure?• Henry’sLaw=Solubilityofagasina
liquidisdirectlyproportionaltothePofthegasabovetheliquid
– Ex/ When you remove the cap of a bottle of soda, you release pressure, and then the gas starts to escape
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Solubility • Ofcourse,there’sanequation
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Miscibility
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Liquids • Miscible=Whentwoliquidscanmix/
dissolve– Waterandantifreezemixanddissolve
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Liquids • Someliquidsareonlypartiallymiscible
– Ex/Waterandether
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Liquids • Immiscible=Cannotmix/Dissolve
– Ex/Oilandvinegar
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Pair-Share-Respond 1. Listthreefactorsthataffecttherateof
dissolution2. Explainhoweachofthosethreefactors
affectstherate3. Youaddasolute,andnoticethatitall
disappearsinthesolvent.Isthissolutionsaturated,unsaturated,orsupersaturated?
4. Ifyouincreasethetemperature,willasoliddissolvefasterorslower?
5. Ifyouincreasethepressure,willagasdissolvefasterorslower?
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HW • SolutionsWSB• Study