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![Page 1: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. 14.6 Polisacáridos](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103113/5528bde3497959977d8f9ad6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
14.6 Polisacáridos
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Capitulo 14 Hidratos de carbono
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Polisacáridos
Polisacáridos• son polímeros de D-glucosa.• Incluyen la amilosa y la amilopectina,
almidones hechos de α-D-glucosa.• Incluye el glucógeno (almidón animal
en los músculos y el higado), hecho de α-D-glucosa.
• Incluye la celulosa (plantas y madera), hecha de β-D-glucosa.
O
CH2OH
OHOH
OH
OH
2
α-D-Glucose
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Polisacáridos: Amilosa
Amilosa es:• Es una cadena contínua (sin ramificaciones). • Es un polímero de moléculas de α-D-glucosa• Está enlazada por enlaces -1,4 glicosídico
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Polisacáridos : Amilopectina
Amylopectin, Polisacarido ramificado 80% el almidon de de la Plantas,
• Es un polímero de moléculas de α-D-glucosa.
• Es un polisacárido con cadenas ramificadas
• Tiene enlaces α-1,4-glicosídicos entre las unidades de glucosa.
• Tiene enlaces α-1,6 a las ramificaciones.
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Glucógeno
Glycogen, o aldmidón animal,• Es el polisacárido que almacena α-D-glucosa en los
músculos.• es similar a amilopectina, pero tiene mas
ramificaciones.
• the glucose units are joined by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, and branches occurring about every 10–15 glucose units are attached by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Celulosa
Cellulose, Es el principal material estructural de la madera y las plantas,
• Es un polisacárido de unidades de glucosa en cadena sin ramificaciones.
• Tiene enlaces β-1,4-glicosídicos.• No son digeribles por los
humanos porque los humanos no podemos romper los enlaces β-1,4-glicosídicos. Por eso, el hombre no puede digerir la celulosa.
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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¿Por qué los seres humanos no podemos metabolizar la celulosa?
El hombre posee enzimas llamadas alfa amilasa en la saliva y en los jugos pancreáticos. Estas hidrolizan los enlaces alfa 1,4 glicosidicos de los almidones, pero no los enlaces Beta ( )1,4 glicosidicos de la celulosa
()
()
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Repaso
En las siguientes figuras identificar el polisacarido y el tipo
de enlace glicosidico :
A. B.
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Solución
En las siguientes figuras identificar el polisacarido y el tipo
de enlace glicosidico :
A. Celulosa -1,4-glycosidic bonds
B. Amilosa Enlace -1,4-glicosidico
Amilopectina Enlace -1,4- and -1,6-glicosidico
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Mapa Conceptual para los Hidratos de Carbono
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