chemistry! 9/22/09 properties of matter. measuring matter mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs)...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemistry!
9/22/09
Properties of Matter
![Page 2: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Measuring matter
Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m3,
mL, cm3 , Liters)
![Page 3: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of properties
Extensive: length, mass, volume, weight. (change with amount of substance)
Intensive: density, reactivity, hardness, viscosity.
![Page 4: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Changes in matter
Physical change: change in extensive properties.
Examples: cutting, expanding, deforming
Chemical change: change in intensive properties
Examples: mixing baking soda and vinegar, burning gasoline.
![Page 5: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Signs of chemical change
Exothermic (reaction gives off heat) Endothermic (reaction needs heat
around it to happen) Color change
![Page 6: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Physical or chemical change?
![Page 7: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Physical or chemical change?
![Page 8: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Physical or chemical change?
![Page 9: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Physical or chemical change?
![Page 10: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Physical or chemical change?
![Page 11: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Volume Readings
Read the meniscus at eye level
![Page 12: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reading the meniscus
WATER prefers to adhere to the glass walls. Hg prefers to COHERE (sticks to
itself).
Cohesion vs. adhesion: a meniscus may be either concave or convex, depending on fluid.
![Page 13: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Measuring Volume with water displacement
![Page 14: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phase Changes
Solid: Crystal structure,
Molecules held in place.
Liquid: molecules “slide” past each other
Gas: molecules repel away from each other, spread out.
![Page 15: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phase Changes
Solid: Definite shape,
definite volume.
Liquid: takes container shape,
definite volume.
Gas: takes container
shape and volume.
![Page 16: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Temperature Scales:Farenheit
Water boils/condenses:
Water freezes/thaws:
Absolute zero:
212°
32°
-459.67°
![Page 17: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Temperature Scales:Celsius
Water boils/condenses:
Water freezes/thaws:
Absolute zero:
100°
0°
-273.15°
![Page 18: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Temperature Scales:Kelvin
Water boils/condenses:
Water freezes/thaws:
Absolute zero:
373.15 K
273.15 K
0 K
![Page 19: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Temperature Scales:Celsius
1° F is “narrower” than 1° C.
Converting between Farenheit and Celsius: Scales start in different places.
An increase of 1° C = 9/5° F
F = 9/5C + 32
At 0° C : F = C + 32
![Page 20: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Temperature Scales:Kelvin
Kelvin: “width” of 1 K same as 1° C.
0 K is absolute zero.
![Page 21: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Significant Figures
How do I round this answer?
Significant figures: rules for rounding answers, writing measurements.
![Page 22: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Significant Figures
300.123 g : very precise.
Precise measurements: more sig. figs.
300 g : not as precise.
6 s.f.
1 s.f.
Converted to pounds:
0.136136 lbs
0.1 lbs
![Page 23: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Significant Figures: my mass
1 s.f.: 60 kg, 60000 g, 0.06 Mg,
0.00006 Gg, 6 x 10-8 Tg All the same thing!
Go back and measure more carefully:
2 s.f.: 63 kg, 63000 g, 0.063 Mg,
0.000063 Gg 6.3x 10-8 Tg
Rough measurement: 60 kg
3 s.f.: 63.2 kg, 63200 g, 0.0632 Mg, 0.0000632 Gg 6.32x 10-8 Tg
![Page 24: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Significant Figures: my mass
5 s.f.: 63.205 kg, 63205 g, 0.063205 Mg,
0.000063205 Gg, 6.3205 x 10-8 Tg
4 s.f.: 63.20 kg, 63200 g, 0.06320 Mg, 0.00006320 Gg 6.320x 10-8 Tg
![Page 25: Chemistry! 9/22/09 Properties of Matter. Measuring matter Mass: amount of matter. (kg, g, lbs) Volume: Space taken up in 3D (m 3, mL, cm 3, Liters)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d6a5503460f94a48ccc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Significant Figures: the rules
Always count nonzero digits.
Count zeroes only when:
They come between non-zero digits (502 g)
If after decimal, they don’t change the value of the number if removed (e.g. 63.0 mL)