EXPERIMENT 2

Adultration in sugarAIM: To Detect The Presence of Adultration in Sugar.

REQUIREMENTS: Test tubes, Dil. HCl.

PROCEDURE: sugar is usually contaminated with washing soda and other insoluble substance which are detected as follows:

Adultration of chalk powder ,washing soda in sugar.

To small amount of sugar in a test tube, add few drops of dilute HCl. Briskeffervescence of CO2 shows the presence of chalk powder of washing soda in the given sample.

Adultration of various insoluble substance in sugar.

Take small amount of sugar in a test tube and shake it with little water. Pure sugar dissolve in water but insoluble impuries do not dissolve.

EXPERIMENT 3

Adultrations in chilli powderAIM: To detect the presence of adultration in sample of chilli.

REQUIREMENTS: Test tube ,dil. HNO3,KI solution.

PROCEDURE: common adultrants present in chilli powder are red coloured lead salts,brick powder . they are detected as follows.

Adultration of red lead salts in chilli powder .

To a sample of chilli powder ,add dil HNO3. Filter the solution and add 2 drops of KI solution to the filtrate.

Yellow ppt. indicates the presence of lead salts in chilli powder .

Adultration of brick powder in red chilli powder.

Add small amount of red chilli powder in a beaker Containing water. Brick powder settles at the bottom while the pure chilli floates on the water.

Adultration of oil soluble coal tar colour in red chilli powder.

Take 2 gms of samples in a test tube, add few ml of solvent ether and shake .decant ether layer into a test tube containing 2ml of dil. HCl. Shake it ,the lower acid layer will be coloured distinctly pink to red indicating presence of oil soluble colour.

EXPERIMENT 4

ADULTRATION IN TURMERIC POWDER

AIM: To detect the presence of adultration in samples of turmeric powder.

REQURIREMENTS: test tube, conc. HCl.

PROCEDURE: common adultrants present in turmeric powder are Yellow lead salts, chalk powder. They are detected as follows.

Adultration of yellow lead salts to turmeric powder.

To a sample of turmeric powder, add conc. HCl. Appearance of magenta colour shows the presence of yellow oxides of lead in turmeric powder.

Adultration of chalk or yellow soap stone powder to turmeric powder.

Take small amount of turmeric powder in test tube containing water. Add a few drops of conc . HCl. Effervescence will indicate presence of chalk or yellow soap stone.

Adultration of starch or maize, tapioca, wheat, rice, to turmeric powder.

A microscopic study reveals that only turmeric is yellow coloured, big in size and has an angular structure . while added starches are colourless and small in size as compared to pure turmeric starch.