chemistry 112 sections 4-6 bill vining 232 psci 436-2698 [email protected]
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TRANSCRIPT
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You should have had:
• General Chemistry I– Up through drawing Lewis Structures
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General Chemistry I
• Basics of Atomic Structure
• Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Stoichiometry
• Solution Chemistry, mainly in water
• Thermochemistry
• Electronic Structure of Atoms
• Properties of Atoms
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding of p-Block Elements
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General Chemistry II
• Molecular Structure
• Bonding Theories– Valence Bond Theory– Molecular Orbital Theory
• Properties of Gases
• Control of Chemical Reactions and Stability– Thermodynamics– Kinetics
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General Chemistry II
• Special Types of Chemical Systems:– Organic– Equilibrium– Acid-Base– Dissolution– Complexation– Electrochemical
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Business
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Class Rules
• Syllabus
• Class Rules:– Be here every day– Be on time– Pick up handouts if late– No chatting, except when I say so– You are responsible– Be nice– Trust me
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Business I
• Class meetings:– Lecture MWF here– Lab once a week in Physical Sciences Bldg.– Recitation once a week in Physical Sci. Bldg.
• NO LABS or RECITATIONS this week- they start Monday
• Class Rules- Syllabus (go over on Friday)
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Business II
• Be here every single day
• Be here on time
• Don’t sit in back
• Don’t talk when I’m talking
• Don’t let me talk when you’re talking
• It’s ok to get up and wander
Classroom Rules
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Business III
• 3 Hour Exams
• OWL Homework
• Labs
Grades
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Business IV
If I fail the lab,
Recite After Me:
I fail the course.
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Mastery Learning Schematic
Homework Question
Correct Answer and Feedback
Answer
Mastery Credit
Newly generated question
correct
incorrect
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Mastery Learning Schematic
Homework Question
Correct Answer and Feedback
Answer
Mastery Credit
Newly generated question
correct
incorrect
Guided Tutorial
Concept Simulation
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Tutorial Help
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Tutorial Help
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Concept Simulations
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Assignment Scheme I: A course has Assignments
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
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Assignment Scheme II: Assignments have Units
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
Unit #1
Unit #2
Unit #1
Unit #2
Unit #1
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Assignment Scheme III: Units have Questions
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
Question #1Question #2
Unit #1
Question #1Question #2
Unit #2
Question #1Question #2
Unit #1
Question #1Unit #2
Question #1Question #2Question #3Question #4Question #5
Unit #1
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Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
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Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent
Electrons Shared More Equally
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Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
Ionic Polar Covalent Covalentmetals+nonmetals different nonmetals similar nonmetals
Electrons Shared More Equally
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Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
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Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
Electrons on oneatom attracted tonucleus of other atom
Nucleus on each atom repels other nucleus
Electron on each atom repels other electron
If new attractions > new repulsions, then a bond forms
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How Covalent Bonds Happen
Valence electrons are shared through overlapping orbitals
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Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence
Electrons?
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Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence
Electrons?
• Described by Lewis Electron Dot Structures
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Determining Molecular Geometry
• All depends on bond angles:
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Determining Molecular Geometry
• All depends on bond angles:
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Determining Molecular Geometry
Valence Lewis Electron-Pair Molecular
Electrons Structure Geometry Geometry
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Electron-Pair Geometries
• Depend on Number of Electron Pairs around Central Atom
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Help Needed
• Today– Lunch 12-12:50– Lecture 3:30 – 4:15
• Tomorrow– Lunch 12-12:50– Lecture 3:30 – 4:15
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Examples
NH3 CH4 CH2O
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1. Linear
2. Bent 109o
3. Trigonal planar
4. Trigonal pyramidal
5. Tetrahedral
6. Trigonal bipyramidal
7. See-saw
8. Square pyramidal
9. Octahedral
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Molecular Polarity
Are electrons in molecules evenly distributed?
If so: nonpolar molecule
If not: polar molecule
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Determining Bond Polarity
Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms
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Determining Bond Polarity
Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms
H-F is:
Li-F is:
N-O is:
O-O is:
P-H is:
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Determining Molecular Polarity
Add up all bond polarities and see if they cancel
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Polarity Examples