Chemical Tools for Lakes and PondsBy Jim Schmidt

Avariety of chemical "tools" areavailable to effectively andselectively manage most aquat-

ic vegetation problems. Today's prod-ucts have withstood the rigors of cur-rent Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) requirements and the ongoingre-registration standards. A samplingof products, descriptions and manu-facturers follows.As with all chemicalproducts, read the entire label beforechoosing and using the product.

Aquashade (Applied BiochemistsInc.). This product is the only EPA-reg-istered and patented lake and pond dyefor use in aquatic plant growth control.It functions by restricting the pene-tration of certain wavelengths of lightinto the water column, thereby sup-pressing photosynthesis. There areno water-use restrictions on swim-ming, fishing or irrigation followingtreatment. Shoreline and surfacegrowth will be unaffected. The waterretains an aqua-blue coloration fol-

lowing treatment, which should beperiodically maintained with subse-quent dosing.

Aquathol (ActochemInc.).A contactherbicide with dipotassium endothal asits active ingredient. Effectivelycontrolsa fairly broad range of submergedaquatic vegetation, especially thosebelongingto the pondweed(Potamogetonspp.) genus. The product is also avail-able in granular formulation for spottreatments. Water-user restrictionsare: one day no swimming, three daysno fish consumption, and seven to 21days no irrigation (depending on thedosage used). Bentgrasses, however,canbe irrigated immediately.

Cutrine-Plus (AppliedBiochemistsInc.). A concentrated, chelated cop-per algicide containing 9-percent cop-per as its active ingredient. Chelationholds the copper in solution under awidevariety ofwater quality conditions.This provides a longer contact time andlonger control at lower dosages thancopper sulfate. Cutrine-Plus controls

planktonic (suspended), filamentous(mat-forming) and bottom-growing(Chara) forms of algae. There are nowater-use restrictions following treat-ment. The product is also available ina granular formulation for use on bot-tom-growing algae.

Hydrothol191 (ElfAtochem).A her-bicide-algicideeffective against a widerange ofsubmersed aquatic weeds andalgae. Water-use restrictions are: 3days no fish consumption, 7 to 25 daysno domesticor livestockuse. Liquid andgranular formulations are available.

Komeen (Griffin Corp.). A copper-ethylenediamine complex herbicideeffectiveon hydrilla, elodea and south-ern naiad. No restrictions on waterusage at label rates.

K-Tea (GriffinCorp.), A chelatedcop-per algicideeffectiveagainst planktonic,filamentousand chara algae. Norestric-tions on water use followingapplicationat the recommended rates. Works inhard water.

continued on page 33

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Circle 113 on Postage Free Card May, 1993 21Circle 114 on Postage Free Card

ing toward long-range capital improve-ments in grounds under the care of thePublic Works Department.

That desire and attitude, and thechallenge of reaching those lofty goals,drew Schmidgall to the job. He joined thetown of Danvers in his present positionin 1983.

Renovation StrategyAs tree and grounds supervisor for

Danvers, Schmidgall oversees all townproperty - athletic fields, parks, play-grounds, public lands and roadsides. Inaddition, he's the "tree warden" in chargeoflandscaping and maintenance for alltrees, shrubs, flower beds, and otherplant materials.

Schmidgall came prepared. Hooked onsports turf from working weekends andsummers on golf courses, he enteredthe University of Massachusetts Schoolof Agriculture and earned his degreein turf management in 1974. After grad-uation, he spent nine years in charge ofthe athletic fields, schools, public lands,parks and playgrounds for the town ofWakefield, MA. As a member of thenational Sports Turf ManagersAssociation, he's become acquainted

with other facilities throughout thenation via publications and newslet-ters. He also serves as membershipchairman of the New England Sports TurfManagers Association.

During his first two years at Danvers,Schmidgall analyzed existing conditionsat the various facilities, pulling togeth-er a workable plan of renovation thatwould tackle one or two fields a year.

Twi-Light Field was the first on theschedule, and Schmidgall was deter-mined to tum it into a first-class, pro-levelfacility. Since he would be handling thedesign and overseeing the renovation andsubsequent maintenance, he wanted toconsider a wide range of options. Hechecked out professional fields, looked atfield layout and studied construction. Heweighed the pros and cons of variousdrainage and irrigation systems andcompared details of each aspect of supe-rior fields.

His final design retained the posi-tive characteristics of the original field.The same distances were kept in the out-field and the ''homey'' feel was retained.

"The design is very similar to JackMurphy Stadium in San Diego, thoughI hadn't seen it before completing the

plan," Schmidgall explains. ''We used thesame cutting pattern, the same infieldbaseline set up. Take away the formalseating and Major League accompani-ments, and you've got Twi-Light Field."

The field has limited bleacher seating.For tournament play and big games,fans set up lawn chairs to extend view-ing space and keep the crowd out of theway, yet close to the action.

Total reconstruction of the field beganin September 1985. Existing topsoil andinfield clay were removed and stock-piled for reuse. The elevation of theinfield playing surface needed to beraised approximately 2 1/2 feet to con-form with the elevation plane of theoutfield. To accomplish this and createa drainable subsoil, the clay base wasmodified and supplemented with near-ly 28 inches of gravel.

A formal herringbone drainage sys-tem was installed, utilizing 4-to-6-inch"ADS Drain-Guard," spaced at 10-footintervals and bedded in stone. The maindrain line runs down the center of the fieldand flows into an active street drain.Because of modifications to the subsoilprofile, gravity drainage is sufficient.

continued on page 24

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Municipal Diamond of the Yearcontinued from page 23

An automatic irrigation systemwasinstalled in the gravel base throughoutthe entire field and adjacent complex.Schmidgall used stakes to maintainaccurate positioning and to keep sprin-kler-head elevation set with the fieldgrade.

The outfield soil was modified andmixed off-site to develop a suitable soilprofile for sports turf as specified bythe Texas A&M Soil Science Department:80 percent sand, 10 percent soil and 10percent peat. The custom-made profilewas then returned to the field.

The infield soil mix specified 70 to 80percent sand, 4 to 8 percent silt and 16to 25 percent clay, with precise screen-ing requirements set for the sand com-ponents. A density of 1,890 to 2,025pounds per cubic yard was required.

Approximately 8 inches of these mod-ified soils covers the gravel subsoil.

As if the challenges of field renovationweren't enough, the fall of 1985 broughtexcessive rainfall to the North Shorearea. Nearly 6 inches of rain fell in 11/2months. However, the major field portionof the reconstruction was completed.

Throughoutthe summer,

nighttimedoubleheaders

are playedunder eight

lightstandards.

One-hundred percent bluegrass sod wasput in place on December 12 and imme-diately buried by snowfall.

Work resumed in the spring, althoughthe weather continued its soggy pat-tern. Says Schmidgall: ''We used plywoodand pumps to counteract the wet con-ditions so we could install the asphalt forthe bleacher pads, walkways and such,and do the finish work on the sur-rounding field."

Schmidgall used some innovative

touches in the construction process thatpaid off well. "We framed the field with2-by-6-inch strips of wood, similar tothe process used for a concrete pour," hereveals. "The forms were set to finishgrade around the baselines, mound andperimeter so that when the topsoil layerwas poured they had a standard to meet.That allowed for consistent compactionwhen placing the outfield and infieldsoil-sand-silt mixes and the skinnedarea mix. It also set separation barriersbetween the different soil profiles andretained all dimensions. The framingstrips were set 1 3/4 inches into theclay and the sod was laid right up to theedge of the infield mix.

"By spring, the soil mixes were set inand compacted. One week before gametime, we pulled the boards and wererewarded with solid, precise sod edges.The field was in ideal shape when the firstgame was played on May 2."

Preserving the EffortsSchmidgall hand-held the field through

the renovation process. Equally impor-tant, he says, was the need for opti-mum playing conditions at all times.He developed a solid turf-maintenanceprogram to meet that goal.

24 sports TURF

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McCord custom-built wheels and rims allow fastconversion to Terra-Tires for virtually any vehicle.

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Circle 116 on Postage Free Card

"The biggest challenge affecting theprogram is caring for the turf while thefield is in use," he explains. ''Maintenancepractices, including soil cultivation andchemical applications, must be coordinatedaround the fully scheduled training andgame schedules."

To this end, he developed an extensiveyear-long maintenance program, as wellas a daily maintenance regime. Each givesa step-by-step breakdown of activities tofollow during a "normal" day or month.But as always, the turf manager mustmonitor conditions continually and be flex-ible enough to cope with unusual use orweather patterns.

Schmidgall starts every season witha soil test ofboth infield and outfield areas.Fertilization programs are then adjust-ed according to test results. Monitoringturf color,thickness, growth rate and othervisual factors lead to further modifica-tions throughout the season.

"At first, we tried to stretch our fer-tilization program to get the greatest long-term nutrient release effects from eachapplication," he says. "Now we add sup-plemental fertilization with nitrogenand a micro-nutrient package with everytank mix application. By putting onjust a 'kiss' of extra nutrients, we give ourturf a good green color and keep it grow-ing at a reasonable rate. Keeping turf outof a stress situation makes all the dif-ference in field quality.

"Because of the high sand contentwithin soil, frequent irrigation, and clip-ping removal," he continues. "The blue-grass infield receives 7.5 pounds of actu-al nitrogen per 1,000 square feet over thecourse of the growing season."

With the Northeast's normal tem-perature and humidity pattern,Schmidgall has incorporated an aggres-sive preventive fungicide applicationschedule into the program. For weedcontrol, Gallery pre-emergence weedgrass and broadleaf control is combinedwith a wetting agent, root enhancerand liquid manure for early April appli-cation. Additional weed control has notbeen necessary. Grubs are the basicinsect problem and are handled withspot treatment as needed.

''Thatch buildup and a lack of culturalpractices can devastate a field," saysSchmidgall. "Normally, we use core aer-ation in mid-March, followed by a secondcore aeration, dethatching and verti-cutting in early April to stimulate rhi-zome activity. A third core aeration

continued on page 26

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26 sportsTURF

As if the challengesof field renovation

weren't enough,the fall of 1985

brought excessiverainfall to the

North Shore area.

Municipal Diam.ond of the Yearcontinued from page 25

takes place in mid-May. In mid-August,we do the fourth core aeration and sec-ond verticutting. The fifth core aera-tion takes place in mid-September, fol-lowed by a sixth in mid-October combinedwith a second power dethatching. Deepaeration is done once each year. Obviously,weather conditions like this season'salter this scheduling."

Both core aeration and verticutting aredone in two directions. Cores are left aday, then dragged or run over with theverticutter. Hand-raking removes thedebris, which is normally just thatch.Areas are topdressed as needed.

"Various organics are includedthroughout theseason to reducethatch and pro-mote root vigor,"says Schmidgall."We've used aturf reductionagent (Bio-Thatch) andfound that wehave 114-inchlessthatch build-upthan before."

Daily mainte-nance tasks, except mowing, are assignedto one employee. During the active sea-son, this takes approximately six hourseach day.

The daily routine can include littercleanup of the entire complex, back-pack blowing of hard surfaces, paintingfoul lines, marking baselines and home-plate boxes to professional specifica-tions with white pulverized marble, andmanicuring infield skinned areas.

"Because the edges of the base pathsare raked every day, lips aren't much ofa problem," Schmidgall asserts. "Weaim for efficient, cost-effective mainte-nance. For example, a I-inch hose withsyringe nozzle can be operated from asnap valve located behind the pitcher'smound.

One person is assigned to mowingall the baseball/softball fields. The out-field of Twi-Light Field is mowed everyother day. Now that a plant growth reg-ulator (Cutlass) is being used, the infieldcan be mowed daily to a I-inch height.Prior to PGR use, the infield height of cutwas similar to the outfield, from 1 1/2 to1 3/8 inches.

Says Schmidgall: "The PGR decreas-es the length of the crown area. We

have more mat and reduced steminess."Major annual renovation, including

power-edging of all field dimension sodlines to original specifications, is done inNovember. During this process, thecrew strips and resods worn turf areas.They fill, spread, grade and roll in newinfield dirt and warning-track materialas needed and replace all pitching rub-bers and homeplate. After this is com-pleted, they power-spray an applica-tion of antidesiccant combined with turfcolorant to aid winter hardiness andearly spring green-up.

Players who use Twi-Light Field havebecome part of the maintenance team."After the first season ofuse following therenovation, I saw signs of wear,"

Schmidgall says."I communicatedmy concerns tothe recreationdirector and weagreed to ask theusers to lend ahand on infieldmaintenance,especiallybetween double-headers. I chip ina couple of week-ends teaching theproper tech-

niques, and we supply the rakes and othermaterials. Then it's a matter of keepingopen communications."

Schmidgall asserts that any city canput together a program similar to thatof Danvers' with the help of a knowl-edgeable sports turf professional, accessto equipment and the combined effortsof everyone involved.

"It was Danvers' desire to offer base-ball players of all ages an ideal envi-ronment to improve their baseball skills,"he concludes. "The whole sports com-munity shares a mutual goal: to have agreat facility for play and as an asset aes-thetically. We've come a long way fromthat infield lake." 0

Editor's note: Bob Tracinski is themanager ofpublic relations for the JohnDeere Company in Raleigh, NC, andpublic relations chairman for the SportsTurf ManagersAssociation. The Diamondof the Year Awards are sponsored byBeam Clay, STMA and sports TURFMagazine.

For information on the New EnglandSports Turf Managers Association, con-tact John Schmidgall at (508) 777-0001,ext. 3014.

CHEMICAL. L.OG,.,Mole Crickets a Threat This Season

The storm of the century, record highand low temperatures - you nameit, southern turf managers have

faced it this spring. To make mattersworse, mole crickets are beginning theirspring hatch. Sports turf managers andsuperintendents from Florida are report-ing nymphs in various stages of devel-opment.

Beginning in mid-March, mole crick-ets begin their annual mating flights. Thetawny mole cricket is usually the first aswell as the most damaging variety.Little is known about individual behav-ior patterns ofmole crickets, but universityresearch indicates tawnys lay theirclutches in the same place each year. Ifcorrect, this would explain the yearlymole-cricket hot spots that appear in turfin the South.

By Jim Shuford

Bahiagrass and bermudagrass arethe dominant turf hosts for mole crick-ets. St. Augustinegrass has also fallenprey in recent years, causing turf man-agers to make unscheduled and unbud-geted pesticide treatments.

The combination of cricket size andchanging spring weather patterns makecontrol and timing treatments difficult.In recent years, turfgrass managershave begun to rely more on mapping asa means of planning treatment pro-grams. As previously mentioned, molecrickets tend to infest the same areas yearafter year. Using this information andkeeping detailed records, turfgrass man-agers can more effectively time theirtreatments for optimum control.

Treatment programs using baits con-taining Sevin or Dursban have per-

formed well in tests against adults andlarge nymphs. In many cases, they areeasier and more economical to use thansprays. Oftanol, once a mainstay inmole-cricket control programs, has fall-en offin popularity but is once again beingprogrammed. Used properly, it canprovide excellent results. (As with allchemicals, make sure to read the labelcarefully prior to use and adhere strict-ly to manufacturer-specified applica-tion rates.)

Several new products are due out in late1993, including Scimitar from Zenecaand Merit from Miles. Only time will tellif they are successful new tools in thenever-ending battle against mole crickets.

Editor's note: Jim Shuford is withUnited Horticultural Supply.

THE GREENS SENTINALA System Used By The TORO Company

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Circle 120 on Postage Free Card

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May,1993 29

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

By Gil Landry

Spring alwaysprovides afeeling of opti-

mism - an oppor-tunity for sportsturf professionalsto work off the frus-tration of the win-ter doldrums andapply the latesttechniques they'velearned through reading or attendingeducational programs.

Spring usually is not the time tothink about upcoming fall and winterconferences. However, planning forthose conferences is already underway. Since professional improvementthrough education is a major objec-tive of STMA conferences, markNovember 7-9 on your calendars for theSports Turf Managers Association'sfifth annual conference and exhibi-tion. I am confident our educational pro-gram will provide an excellent oppor-tunity for professionals to learn about

STMAChapter NewsThe New England Chapter, STMA:

Future plans of the New England Chapterinclude a day-long seminar to be heldAugust 11 at Forest Park in Springfield,MA. This event will include educa-tional sessions; equipment demonstra-tions; a trade show; and the annualbu iness meeting and election of officers.Further details will be announced soon.

For information on the meeting, tradeshow exhibit space or other chapteractivities, contact: Mary Owen, Universityof Massachusetts Cooperative ExtensionSystem, at (508) 831-1225.

Carolina Chapter, STMA:For infor-mation on the Carolina Chapter andit activities, contact: Marc Farha, facil-ities manager for the Charlotte Knights,at (704) 332-3746.

Iowa Sports Turf ManagersAs ociation: ISTMA will hold a "Hands-On Workshop" August 4 in Des Moines,lA, at Sec Taylor Stadium, home of the

hicago Cubs' AAA affiliate. Registration

30 sporfsTURF

the latest in sports turf technology.The fifth annual conference and

exhibition theme is "The More WeKnow, the More We Grow." It will beheld in the unique confines of OriolePark at Camden Yards in Baltimore.Baltimore is the ideal location for thenational conference. It is our first tripto the East, and it offers you the oppor-tunity to see and feel both cool- andwarm-season turfgrasses.

Conference co-chairs Greg Petryand Dr. Henry Indyk have workedclosely with our Chesapeake Chapter,represented by Joe Ardolino andCamden Yards Head GroundskeeperPaul Zwaska, to make conferencearrangements. In addition to OriolePark, the group is working on possibletours of JFK Stadium, Townson StateUniversity Campus and research turfplots at the United States Departmentof Agriculture in Beltsville or theUniversity of Maryland.

Keep your eyes open for more infor-mation this summer. Be sure to enter

for this full-day workshop begins at 8 a.m.The program will be directed by two

sports turf leaders: Mike Andresen,head groundskeeper of the Iowa Cubs,and Jesse Cuevas, stadium superin-tendent of Rosenblatt Stadium, home ofthe Kansas City Royals' AAA affiliate andsite of the annual College World Series.

This workshop will start off with a 9a.m. tour of the stadium and "cover thefield" on baseball field maintenance.Scheduled sessions include: "MaintainingInfield Lips, Post-Game Repairs of theMound/Home Plate/Bull pens andMeasuring the Mound Specifications";"Proper Infield Dragging and Pre-GameInfield Set-Up"; and "Drying Puddlesand Wet Areas." An exhibit area will beincluded and time allowed to visit thebooths and talk with exhibitors.

For information on this workshop orother Iowa Chapter activities, contact:Gary Peterson (515) 791-0765.

Colorado Chapter, STMA: TheColorado Chapter is in the planning

~uManagers Association

our member referral contest - youcan win round-trip airfare and freeregistration to the conference. Betteryet, since we are in the midst of our 1993membership drive, join us. For con-test and conference information, con-tact STMA Headquarters at (312) 644-6610.

If you intend to make a career in thesports turf industry, you need to con-sider membership in a professionalorganization. STMA should be yourorganization. Weare the only profes-sional association that represents allaspects of sports turf management.For more reasons for professional mem-bership, see our ad in this magazine.

As spring signals the official begin-ning of major league baseball and thedrive ofyour favorite team to an Octoberengagement with the World Series,think about becoming a member ofthe best organization for sports turf pro-fessionals and join us this fall for "TheMore We Know, the More We Grow."

stages for a late-spring workshop ontopdressing, a summer institute on careof soccer fields and a fall workshop on foot-ball field maintenance.

The Colorado Chapter will hold aworkshop May 19 in Commerce City. Thiswill be a hands-on event on the use ofTurface on baseball infields. The work-shop is co-sponsored by L. L. JohnsonDistributors.

On June 18, the chapter will host aninstitute at the Colorado Springs Sky SoxStadium. Institute events will include:informative sessions with guest speak-ers; vendor demonstrations; and game-day ball diamond preparations. The daywill end with a game between the Sky Soxand the Portland Beavers.

For additional information on thesemeetings, contact: Mark Leasure (719)597-1449 or Joe Adams at (303) 350-0390.For information on the Colorado Chapterand/or upcoming activities, contact: RonMarten, Falcon Colorado School District49, (719) 495-3601.