chemical risk assessment - apeg
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Chemical risk assessment presentation given at the APEG conference 2010, held by CefasTRANSCRIPT
Chemical Risk Assessment
Brett LyonsEnvironment and Animal Health Group
Environmental Risk Assessment
• Multi-disciplinary approach to the risk assessment of organic and inorganic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
• Fate and effects of natural and synthetic chemicals in both fresh water and marine systems (including food chain assessments).
• Scientists actively involved in OECD and other international test guideline developments.
– Chair UK NC3Rs (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) Regulatory Toxicology Committee (Ecotoxicology Working Group).
– OECD Endocrine Disrupters Testing & Assessment Working Group (Ecotoxicology Validation Management Group).
– OECD Validation Management Group in Ecotoxicology for test guideline development (Fish Experts Group).
Environmental Chemistry and Fate
• Extensive analytical chemistry capabilities for metals, nutrients, organic chemicals and radionuclides, including trace level environmental analyses.
• Wide range of in-house specialist facilities including GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, GC-ECD, HPLC, ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS.
• The high quality of Cefas science is reflected through accreditation (including GLP, ISO, MCERTS and UKAS).
Ecotoxicology and effects assessment
• In depth skills in hazard assessment of chemicals using a suite of freshwater and marine ecotoxcity tests .
• Tests include:– In vitro assays (e.g. YAS, YES, CALUX)
– Acute invertebrate testing (e.g. Daphnia magna OECD 202 and 211).
– Chronic partial and full life cycle invertebrate assays (shrimps, copepods, oysters, and sediment dwelling organisms)
– Acute fish studies (e.g. OCED 203)
– Chronic and partial life cycle fish studies including zebrafish, rainbow trout and sticklebacks (e.g. OECD 210, 212, 215)
– Amphibian metamorphosis assay (OECD 231).
Environmental effects monitoring
• Environmental monitoring is a valuable tool for environmental risk assessment (ERA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA).
– Field collection environmental samples (from point source to ocean).
– Biological effects testing .
– Quality assured chemical analysis.
– Effluent characterisation (Integrated chemical fractionation and biological effects screening).
– Validation of fate effects modelling data.
TIE (Toxicity Identification Evaluation): identifying causes of toxicity in complex samples
Complex mixture
Responsible toxicant
Fractionation
Biological analysis
Biological analysis
Chemical analysis
Bespoke testing systems
• Small teleost (easy to keep in the lab).
• Present all around the North Hemisphere.
• One of three species truly endemic to the British Isles.
• Fresh, estuarine, and marine waters
• Well-documented biology.
• Complete genome sequence (US), bridge the gap between model and sentinel species.
• Unique traits/tools for endocrine disruption research and OECD type testing (early life stage, juvenile growth etc)
The stickleback as a sentinel and model species
Spiggin assay(androgens)
Testicular pathology:Intersex (ovotestis)
Toxico-genomic platforms
Field monitoring
Linking biomarkersto behaviour
Chemical risk and population relevant endpointsSebire et al., (2008). The model anti-androgen flutamide suppresses the expression of typical male
stickleback reproductive behaviour. Aquatic Toxicology 90 (1), pp. 37-47.
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