chemical reactions january 9 th and 10 th. chemical reactions bell ringer below are two examples of...
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The basic parts of a chemical reactionTRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Reactions January 9th and 10th
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Chemical Reactions Bell ringerBelow are two examples of chemical reactions.
Answer the following questions about the below reactions.
1) Label the following parts: Reactants Products yields Coefficient subscript
2) Make a list of 3 things that the below reactions have in common.
3) Make a list of 3 things that are different about the below reactions.
Mg + O2 → 2 MgO ZnS → Zn + S
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The basic parts of a chemical reaction
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Comparing reactions:
Mg + O2 → 2 MgO ZnS → Zn + S
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Types of Reactions
5 types of chemical reactions: 1. Synthesis reactions2. Decomposition reactions3. Single displacement reactions4. Double displacement reactions
A. Acid Base reactionsB. Oxidation reduction reactions
5. Combustion reactions
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Writing Reactions Identify the type of reaction. Predict the product(s) based on the type of
reaction. Balance it:
Law of conservation of matter: matter cannot be created or destroyed only transferred.
Don’t forget about the diatomic elements! (gens) Oxygen is O2 as an element.
In a compound, it can’t be a diatomic element because it’s not an element anymore, it’s a compound!
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Balancing Reactions
• All reactions must have same # of elements on each side of reaction…
• See data table provided.
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Synthesis and Decomposition
Monday January 14th and 15th
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Synthesis reactions- Combination• two substances (generally elements)
combine and form a compound.
• reactant + reactant 1 product• A + B AB• Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O
• Example: C + O2 CO2
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Synthesis Reactions
• Here is another example of a synthesis reaction
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Practice
• Predict the products. • Na(s) + Cl2(g)
• Mg(s) + F2(g)
• Al(s) + F2(g)
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Decomposition Reactions• Compound breaks up into the elements or
in a few to simpler compounds• Reactant Product + Product • AB A + B
• Example: 2 H2O 2H2 + O2
• Example: 2 HgO 2Hg + O2
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Types: Decomposition
Example 2HgO → 2Hg + O2
O Hg
O Hg
Hg
O O Hg
+
General: AB A + B
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Practice
• Predict the products. Then, write and balance the following decomposition reaction equations:
• Solid Lead (IV) oxide decomposes PbO2(s)
• Aluminum nitride decomposes AlN(s)
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Homework:
• Decomposition Pre-lab
• When finished get pre-lab checked and approved.
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Replacement Reactions
Wednesday January 16th and Thursday January 17th
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Single Replacement Reactions• one element replaces another in a compound.• A metal replaces a metal (+) OR
a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal (-).• element + compound compound + element
A + BC AC + B (if A is a metal) ORA + BC BA + C (if A is a nonmetal)
(remember the cation always goes first!)
When H2O splits into ions, it splits intoH+ and OH- (not H+ and O-2 !!)
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Single Replacement Reaction Example
• Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2 + H2(g)
Note: Zinc replaces the hydrogen ion in the reaction
2
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Single displacement Example
CuCl2 + Zn → ZnCl2 + Cu
ZnClCl Cu +
AB + C CB + A
ClCl Zn Cu+
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Single Replacement Reactions• Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas NaCl(s) + F2(g) NaF(s) + Cl2(g)
Note that fluorine replaces chlorine in the compound
• Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate
Solve the products for the below reaction: Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq)
2 2
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Double Replacement Reactions
• Metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound. (Must be in solution)
• Compound + compound compound + compound
• AB + CD AD + CB
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Double displacement Example
MgO + CaS→ MgS + CaO
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SOMg Ca+
O S
Mg Ca+
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Double Replacement Reactions
• More examples:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
2
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Practice
• Predict the products. Balance the equation1. CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq)
2. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq)
3. FeCl3(aq) + NaOH(aq)
4. KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq)
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Homework
• Replacement Pre-lab
• When finished get approved
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Replacement Reactions Lab
Tuesday January 22nd and Wednesday January 23rd
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Lab Safety
• Follow only directions give in your lab book.
• Safety goggles must be worn at all times. • Area must be completely cleaned up when
finished…. • Once finished, you will copy down the
notes that you find on the overhead.
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Combustion Reactions• hydrocarbon reacts with
oxygen gas.• called burning!!!
• In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”:1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon)2) Oxygen 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)
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Combustion Reactions• In general:
CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water.
• Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)
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Combustion• Example
• C5H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Write the products and balance the following combustion reaction:• C10H22 + O2
5 68
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Homework
• Finish your chemical reactions worksheet.
• Find all the reactions that are combustion reactions and label them… Then, balance them like shown in class.
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STOP
• This is the end of notes for types of chemical reactions…