chemical reaction engineering asynchronous video series chapter 1: general mole balance equation...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 1:
General Mole Balance Equation Applied to
Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs
H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.
![Page 2: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
Chemical Identity
![Page 3: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
Chemical Identity
![Page 4: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
Chemical Identity
![Page 5: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
Chemical Identity
![Page 6: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
Chemical Identity
![Page 7: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
Reaction Rate
![Page 8: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
![Page 9: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
![Page 10: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
![Page 11: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
![Page 12: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product.
Reaction Rate
Consider species A:
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume
![Page 13: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
![Page 14: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
![Page 15: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE:
If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
The rate of formation (generation of A) is
rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s
![Page 16: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
![Page 17: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction
![Page 18: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
![Page 19: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
![Page 20: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
![Page 21: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
![Page 22: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
![Page 23: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
• We use an algebraic equation to relate the rate of reaction, -rA, to the concentration of reacting species and to the temperature at which the reaction occurs [e.g. -rA = k(T)CA
2].
![Page 24: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
General Mole Balance
![Page 25: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
General Mole Balance
![Page 26: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 27: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 28: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 29: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 30: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 31: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 32: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 33: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 34: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
![Page 35: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
![Page 36: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
![Page 37: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
![Page 38: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
![Page 39: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
![Page 40: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
€
V =dFArAFA 0
FA∫
![Page 41: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
€
V =dFArAFA 0
FA∫
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
![Page 42: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
![Page 43: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
![Page 44: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
![Page 45: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
![Page 46: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:
€
W =dFA
′ r AFA 0
FA∫
€
FA0 −FA + ′ r AdW=dNA
dt∫
![Page 47: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
![Page 48: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
![Page 49: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
![Page 50: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Reactor Mole Balance Summary
![Page 51: Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ed95503460f94be6f75/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Reactor Mole Balance Summary