chemical patterns module 3. by the end of this lesson i should be able to…….. ► describe the...
TRANSCRIPT
CHEMICAL PATTERNSCHEMICAL PATTERNS
Module 3Module 3
By the end of this lesson I By the end of this lesson I should be able to……..should be able to……..
►Describe the structure of the atom.Describe the structure of the atom.► Understand that the nucleus of an atom Understand that the nucleus of an atom
contains protons and neutrons and is contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons.surrounded by electrons.
► Know there are about 100 different atomsKnow there are about 100 different atoms► Know that the number of protons in an atom Know that the number of protons in an atom
is the same as the number of electronsis the same as the number of electrons► Be able to identify key groups of elements Be able to identify key groups of elements
from the Periodic Tablefrom the Periodic Table
Using Power PointUsing Power Point
► If it is written in white – it should be in If it is written in white – it should be in my exercise book!my exercise book!
► If it is written in red – it need not be in If it is written in red – it need not be in my exercise book.my exercise book.
The AtomThe Atom
The AtomThe Atom
► Everything is made Everything is made from atoms.from atoms.
► The centre of each The centre of each atom contains a atom contains a nucelus.nucelus.
The AtomThe Atom
► If one atom was the If one atom was the size of Wembley size of Wembley stadium.stadium.
► The nucleus would The nucleus would be smaller than the be smaller than the centre spot in the centre spot in the middle of the football middle of the football pitch.pitch.
► The outside of the The outside of the atom would be atom would be outside the stadium outside the stadium walls!walls!
The AtomThe Atom
The AtomThe Atom
► Atoms themselves Atoms themselves are made from are made from three parts.three parts.
►NeutronsNeutrons► ProtonsProtons► ElectronsElectrons
The AtomThe Atom
►Neutrons are Neutrons are neutralneutral
► They have no They have no electric charge.electric charge.
► Each neutrons Each neutrons weighs 1 ATOMIC weighs 1 ATOMIC MASS UNIT (AMU)MASS UNIT (AMU)
The AtomThe Atom
► Protons have a Protons have a positive chargepositive charge
► Electric charges can Electric charges can be either negative be either negative or positive.or positive.
► Each proton weighs Each proton weighs 1 ATOMIC MASS 1 ATOMIC MASS UNIT (AMU)UNIT (AMU)
The AtomThe Atom
► Electrons have a Electrons have a negative chargenegative charge
► One electron will One electron will always cancel out the always cancel out the charge on one proton.charge on one proton.
► Each electron has only Each electron has only a very tiny mass a very tiny mass (1/1800(1/1800thth AMU) AMU)
► Electrons can not be Electrons can not be seen – they are just too seen – they are just too small!small!
The AtomThe Atom
► Protons and Protons and neutrons are found neutrons are found in the atoms in the atoms nucleus.nucleus.
► The electrons orbit The electrons orbit around the nucleus.around the nucleus.
► The electrons never The electrons never remain still – they remain still – they constantly move.constantly move.
The AtomThe Atom
►We know a lot about We know a lot about the way in which the way in which atoms are put atoms are put together.together.
►We know how many We know how many protons, neutrons protons, neutrons and electrons each and electrons each type of atoms has.type of atoms has.
The AtomThe Atom
► The smallest atom is The smallest atom is HYDROGEN (H)HYDROGEN (H)
► H has one electron and H has one electron and one proton.one proton.
► H has no neutronsH has no neutrons► You can not have You can not have
anything smaller anything smaller because you must have because you must have at least one electron at least one electron and one proton to form and one proton to form and atom.and atom.
The AtomThe Atom
►Here are the details of the smallest 10 Here are the details of the smallest 10 atoms.atoms.
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
44
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
CarbonCarbon CC 66 66 66 66
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
CarbonCarbon CC 66 66 66 66
NitrogenNitrogen NN 77 77 77 77
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
CarbonCarbon CC 66 66 66 66
NitrogenNitrogen NN 77 77 77 77
OxygenOxygen OO 88 88 88 88
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
CarbonCarbon CC 66 66 66 66
NitrogenNitrogen NN 77 77 77 77
OxygenOxygen OO 88 88 88 88
FluorineFluorine FF 99 99 99 1010
NameName SymbolSymbol Atomic Atomic numbernumber
No. of No. of protonsprotons
No. of No. of electronselectrons
No. of No. of neutronsneutrons
HydrogenHydrogen HH 11 11 11 00
HeliumHelium HeHe 22 22 22 22
LithiumLithium LiLi 33 33 33 44
BeryliumBerylium BeBe 44 44 44 44
BoronBoron BB 55 55 55 66
CarbonCarbon CC 66 66 66 66
NitrogenNitrogen NN 77 77 77 77
OxygenOxygen OO 88 88 88 88
FluorineFluorine FF 99 99 99 1010
NeonNeon NeNe 1010 1010 1010 1010
KEY POINTSKEY POINTS
►An atom ALWAYS has the same An atom ALWAYS has the same number of protons as electrons.number of protons as electrons.
►An element’s atomic number is the An element’s atomic number is the same as its number of protons same as its number of protons (and (and number of electrons)number of electrons)
►All the atoms that are know to exist All the atoms that are know to exist can be shown in the Periodic Tablecan be shown in the Periodic Table
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
VideoVideo
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
The alkali metals
The halogens
The noble gases
The alkali metalsThe alkali metals
►Lithium, LiLithium, Li►Sodium, NaSodium, Na►Potassium, KPotassium, K►Rubidium, RbRubidium, Rb►Caesium, CsCaesium, Cs
The halogensThe halogens
►Fluorine, FFluorine, F►Chlorine, ClChlorine, Cl►Bromine, BrBromine, Br► Iodine, IIodine, I
The noble gasesThe noble gases
►Neon, NeNeon, Ne►Argon, ArArgon, Ar►Krypton, KrKrypton, Kr►Xenon, XeXenon, Xe