chemical names and formulas
DESCRIPTION
Chemical Names and Formulas. Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas. Naming Compounds Tutorial. General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Names and Formulas
Overview•Metals and Non-Metals•Ions and Ionic Charges•Types of Compounds•Systematic Names
-Writing Names and Formulas
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Naming Compounds Tutorial
General Information Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions Naming w/metals that have more than 1 cha
rge (Transition Metals) Molecular Compounds Naming Acids
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Metals and Nonmetals Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non-
metals B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi-
metals All others are metals
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Ions Cations Positively
Charged Atoms i.e. Na+
Anions Negatively Charged Atoms
i.e. Cl-
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IONIC CHARGES Group I ->
Group II ->
Group III ->
Group IV ->
1+
2+
3+
4+
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IONIC CHARGES Group V ->
Group VI ->
Group VII ->
Group VIII ->
3-
2-
1-
Noble Gases
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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic Compounds
• composed of positive and negative ions.
• usually formed from a metal and non-metal.• these elements are not attached to one another.
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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Ionic Compounds con’t• Examples
NaClCaBr2
KI
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CHEMICAL FORMULAS Definition
• shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance.
i. e. NaCl
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IONIC COMPOUNDS A formula unit is the lowest
whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl There is no such thing as a
molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!
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NAMING COMPOUNDS
Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.
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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elements Ionic means a metal and a non-
metal (or cation and anion) Writing Formulas
• charges must balance so compound charge is
neutral.
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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Writing Formulas from Names• 1st word = CATION• 2nd word = ANION name
with ide ending.
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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
NaBr
MgF2
Sodium Bromide
Magnesium Fluoride
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BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Potassium Chloride
Aluminum Oxide
• notice ending of name is ide!
K+Cl- -> KCl
Al23+O3
2- -> Al2O3
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Polyatomic Ions Definition
•tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.
ExampleSO3
2-, NO2-, ClO2
-
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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Ternary means 3 different elements
Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions
Ionic means cation and anion
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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing
Formulas Ca2+CO3
2- ->
CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate
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TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO3)2
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Naming with Transition Metals
First word = CATION Second word = ANION
• You need to determine what charge is on the transition metal if more than one exists.
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Naming Transition Metals
Copper (I) OxideCu2O
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Writing Formulas with Transition Metals
FeCl3
FeCl2
Iron (III) ChlorideIron (II) Chloride
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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Molecular Compounds• composed of molecules in which elements share
electrons.• usually composed of 2 nonmetals.• these elements are attached
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MOLECULAR FORMULA
Definition• shows the numbers and
kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.
i. e. CO
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TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Molecular Compounds con’t•Examples
CS2
SiO2
BF3
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BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Binary means 2 elementsMolecular means 2 non-metals
NO ionic charges are present
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule.
mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
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Writing Binary Molecular Compounds
CO2
•no mono
prefix is used on
first element
Carbon Dioxide
• Di means 2 oxygens!!
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
2 ways it’s done!• (prefix + element name)i.e. N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds• (prefix + element root + ide)i.e. PCl3
Phosphorous Trichloride
All binary compounds end in ide!!!
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Naming with Acids Anion Endings ide
Example HCl
Acid Name hydro-(stem)- ic acid
Hydrochloric Acid
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Naming with Acids Anion Ending ite Example Hydrogen Sulfite
Acid Name (stem)-ous acid
Sulfurous Acid
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Naming with Acids Anion Ending ate
Example Hydrogen Sulfate
Acid Name (stem)-ic acid
Sulfuric Acid