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Chemical Industry
KAZPEROXID LLP
SALE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
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Location: Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan,
Participants: JSC «NAC «Kazatomprom» – 50%, Solvay Chemicals Int. SA – 50%
Project description:Company sells 60% of hydrogen peroxide produced by Solvay Chemicals Int. in two ways: 1)
specialized vat containers and 2) specialized ISO containers.
Product supply market JSC «NAC «Kazatomprom» Group of companies: Inkai LLP, Betpak Dala LLP, Baiken-U LLP,
Appak LLP, TTK LLP (delivery to Karatau LLP), Semizbay-U LLP. Also Company sells to gold
mining companies as Varvarinskoe JSC and one-time delivery to other interested third parties as
Altyntau Kokshetau LLP and Reactivesnab LLP.
Storages:
Serviced by 3 storage terminals:
1. Tobol settl., Kostanay region,
2. Shiyeli settl., Kyzylorda region,
3. Stepnogorsk settl., Akmolinsk region.
Project general informationSale of hydrogen peroxide
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Project advantagesSale of hydrogen peroxide
Project importance:
Developing chemical market in Kazakhstan by guaranteed
delivery of the hydrogen peroxide to the mining enterprises,
adapted towards climatic conditions of the country.
«Kazperoksid» LLP is a supplier of the hydrogen peroxide by
Solvay Chemicals Int. SA (Belgium) to the Kazakhstan market
and provides peroxide to all companies of Kazatomprom
Group which use hydrogen peroxide for uranium deposition
and leaching
Project uniqueness:
Possibility to adopt uranium in-situ leaching using the
hydrogen peroxide which allows to replace sulfuric acid used
at the current.
In-situ leaching using hydrogen peroxide allows to decrease
uranium mining costs and intensify production processes of
Kazatomprom Group.
Project feature:
Solvay Chemicals Int. SA is planning to built and operate
hydrogen peroxide storages in Kazakhstan for permanent
storage of a certain reserves of hydrogen peroxide and its
emergency delivery to consumer as required.
All supplied hydrogen peroxide in Kazakhstan is foreign.
Solvay Chemicals Int. SA is interested in localization of
hydrogen peroxide production (plant construction). Plant is
going to be the first of its kind in Kazakhstan with new
proprietary technology (feasibility study is available).
KAZATOMPROM-SORBENT LLP
SALE OF ION EXCHANGE RESIN
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Location: Almaty, TheRepublic of Kazakhstan
Participants: JSC «NAC «Kazatomprom» – 51%, Purolite International AG– 49%
Project description:
• Existing business with accumulated consumers database
• Has its own laboratory for testing with access to international database
Product supply market:
• metallurgical enterprises (gold, nonferrous and ferrous industry);
• medicine and pharmaceuticals industry;
• food industry (production of alcoholic beverages, oil manufacture, manufacture of
dining/drinking mineral water, soft drinks and juices);
• oil and gas industry;
• energy industries ( power plants )
Project general informationSale of ion exchange resin
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Project advantagesSale of ion exchange resin
Project importance:
Kazatomprom-Sorbent LLP is a supplier of ion exchangeresin by Purolite Int. AG (England) to the Kazakhstanmarket and provides with ion exchange resin allcompanies of Kazatomprom group for sorbing mineduranium.
Project uniqueness:
The presence of modern specific equipment and newtechniques in the study of physical and mechanicalcharacteristics of ion exchange resins and other materials.There are no analogs of this equipment which allows tomake a wide range of analyzes such as: optical emission,atomic absorption, spectrophotometric, conduct-metric ,titration , extraction and etc.
Project feature:
At the moment, the demand on resin in the Kazakhstanmarket exceeds the supply. All resin supplied toKazakhstan is foreign.Purolite Int. AG is interested in construction of the plant(localization of ion exchange resin production) which willbe the first of its kind in Kazakhstan (pre-feasibility studyis under development).
«CAUSTIC» JSC
PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE
AND CAUSTIC SODA
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Location: The Republic of Kazakhstan, Pavlodar region, Pavlodar in the FEZ «Pavlodar»
Participants: NAC Kazatomprom JSC - 40% CAPEC JSC - 60%
Project description:
Plant for the production of chlorine and caustic soda by membrane method, a capacity of 30 000 tonnes
per year in the Pavlodar using equipment manufactured by Uhdenora (Milan, Italy) - a subsidiary of
Uhde GmbH (Germany), belonging to the concern ThyssenKrupp AG (Germany). The designed
capacity of the plant is:
• Caustic soda - 30 thousand tons / year;
• Liquid chlorine - 26 250 tons / year;
• Hydrochloric acid - 45 000 tons / year;
• Sodium hypochlorite - 6600 tons / year
Commissioning: in 2011, with the release of its full capacity in 2014 and 20 years continuous production cycle of the
plant
Commodity markets of
production:
Kazakhstan market with 100% import substitution products to major consumers such as mining
companies group NAC Kazatomprom JSC, Aluminium of Kazakhstan JSC, NC KMG-PM JSC, UK-
TMC, CNPC AMG (AktobeMunayGas), Arcelor Mittal Temirtau, regional water utilities and CHP plants,
the Omsk refinery, ILIM, VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation, the oil and gas producing companies and other,
neighboring countries
Infrastructure:The company has the necessary manufacturing base with areas of energy, heat and water supply and
sanitation, as well as railway lines, puffins, roads, water systems, interconnecting piperack
Public information on the projectProduction of chlorine and caustic soda
Advantages of the projectProduction of chlorine and caustic soda
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Caustic JSC is implementing a project of development of innovative production of
caustic soda, chlorine and other products based on chlorine, in accordance with the
"Programme for the development of the chemical industry of the Republic of
Kazakhstan for 2010-2014" adopted by the Government Resolution №1001 of
September 30, 2010. The project is included in the Republican map SPAIID 2010-
2014.
Until 2011, Kazakhstan is a 100% importer of caustic soda and chlorine, in the
absence of corresponding production in the country. In 2011, Caustic JSC realized the
first stage of program development, by building and putting into operation a plant for
the production of caustic soda capacity of 30 000 tonnes per year.
Manufacture of is located on the former industrial site of the Pavlodar chemical plant
in the special economic zone "Pavlodar". In the future, increasing the capacity of
existing production of caustic soda and chlorine to 60 000 tonnes per year. Caustic
JSC has considerable potential for further development of the chemical park located
on the territory of FEZ "Pavlodar“
Fixed assets and infrastructureProduction of chlorine and caustic soda
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Infrastructure: At the disposal of Caustic JSC there is sufficient for the further
development of infrastructure, including: roads and railways at
the site; electricity (power supply 285 megawatts); software
process water (reserve power over 2,200 m3 / hour); process
air their own production (supply of power over 4,000 m3 /
hour); steam line from CHP-3 (power reserve of more than 400
t / h); availability of landfill of industrial solid waste and
wastewater storage pond
Raw material and energy
security:
Uninterrupted electricity supply (the main item of expenditure
of the company) provides direct current lead Pavlodar CHP-3,
located 1 kilometer from the production site of Caustic JSC.
Extraction of salt (the main process raw materials) is carried
out by a subsidiary Solhimprom LLP
Transport: Tank park of Caustic JSC is over 200 specialized tanks. There
is access to railways and highways. Proximity to customers - a
profitable enterprise location and proximity to major customers
reduces transportation costs and ensures security of supply
LLP «SKZ-U»
SULFURUIC ACID AND ELECTRICITY
PRODUCTION
Project general informationSulfuric acid and electricity production
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Location: Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda region, 8 km from Zhanakorgan
Participants: АО «НАК «Казатомпром» - 49%, SAP-Japan Corporation- 32%, Uranium One Inc. – 19%
Project description:
Plant capacity is 500 K Tons/year of sulfuric acid production (93%) and additional electricity generation
(18 MW/year) using Desmet Ballestra SpA (Italy), General Electric (France) equipment.
Date of start up: Company registration and the beginning of the project – 2007, start up - 2011. Project maturity date - 25
years.
Product supply market:RK market. 100% sales of products ensuring mining companies of JSC "NAC" Kazatomprom“ group
such as "Kyzyl Kum“ LLP, "Biken-U” LLP, "RU-6“ LLP and “The trade-transport company“ LLP
Infrastructure
The area of industrial buildings - 33, 7 thousand square meters, land - 14.25 ha.
Motorway 9.2 km from the plant to the Shymkent-Samara highway.
Railway driveways - 1.47 km (from the deadlock to the highway - №26 patrol).
Project advantagesSulfuric acid and electricity production
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“SKZ-U” LLP built in December 2011 as a part of the program “Forced industrial -
innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014 years”. For the production of
products, “SKZ-U” LLP uses Kazakhstani lump sulfur as a raw materials, supplying JSC
"NAC"Kazatomprom“ enterprises with sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is the main agent in
the process of producing uranium by in situ leach on Khorasan 1, Khorasan 2, North
and South Karamurun mines.
Gas turbine electric power station is built with capacity of 18 MW in order to meet
the needs of “SKZ-U” LLP in electricity. This power station allows to provide electricity
to the plant and also to the regional district networks of Kyzylorda region, that
subsequently will reduce the cost of electric power in the region.
Electricity is selling at cost price, and part of the electricity is sold at 70 tenge/
kWh which is produced by the solar power station in accordance with the Government
Resolution № 644 dated 12.06.2014, determined fixed tariff of 70 tenge/kWh for Solar
power projects using PV modules on the bases of Kazakhstani silicon (KazPV).
Availabilities of raw materials Sulfuric acid and electricity production
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Infrastructure:
The area of industrial buildings - 33, 7 thousand square meters,
land - 14.25 ha.
Motorway 9.2 km from the plant to the Shymkent-Samara highway.
Railway driveways - 1.47 km (from the deadlock to the highway -
№26 patrol).
Raw material and energy
security:
100% raw material dependence on lump sulfur (granulated)
produced by “Chevroil Tengiz” LLP provided by "OHK" LLP.
Besides sulfur in the process is used chemicals from foreign
suppliers, water from underground sources.
Production activity is supplied with 100% of its electricity and the
surplus is sold on the side.
Transport:
Supplies of raw materials are carried out on railway. Delivery of
the finished products carried by railway, acid wire and trucks
provided by “Zhanakorgan Transit“ LLP. Own trucks to transport
the finished products are not available.
LLP «JV «SKZ-KAZATOMPROM»
SALE SULFURIC ACID
Public information on the projectSulfuric acid production
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Location: Akmolinsk region, Stepnogorsk settlement, The Republic of Kazakhstan
Participants: The «United Chemical Company» LLP – 90,11%
JSC «NAC «Kazatomprom» – 9,89%
Project description: Sulfur acid plant (from lump/granulated sulfur), based on technology of dry double
absorption/double conversion.
The design capacity is 180 thousand tons / year.
Commodity markets of
production:Group of mining companies of JSC «NAC «Kazatomprom» enterprises of the mining industry and
other
Infrastructure:
The company is fully provided with the necessary infrastructure, including: energy, technical
utilities, access road and railway way, administrative buildings and a dining room.
The area of the industrial complex is 13 731 sq.m.
Advantages of the projectSulfuric acid production
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As a result sulfur acid production start-up, for the first time in Kazakhstan production of
the ferric sulphide was transferred to production of lump sulfur (the Kazakhstan raw
material by «Tengizchevroil» LLP). One of the main missions was achieved – ensuring
the Enterprise’s demand as well as demand from companies of JSC NAC
«Kazatomprom» group.
Solving the sulfur processing problem, which has adverse impact on ecological
situation in Caspian region (at the present time there are 8 million tons of sulfur in the
sulfur pads of the TCO company).
Demand from Kazatomprom companies side for sulfuric acid is permanently
growing up. In 2006 for production needs was needed only 448,993 thousand tons, but
in 2016 the demand on sulfur acid is around 1 934,074 thousand tons .
Metallurgy
MC KazSilicon LLP
PRODUCTION OF METALLURGICAL SILICON
AND QUARTZ MINING
General informationProduction of metallurgical silicon and quartz mining
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Location: Ushtobe city, Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan
Participants: NAC Kazatomprom JSC - 100%
Project description:MC KazSilicon LLP is Kazakhstan’s first plant producing metallurgical silicon of 99,9% purity and
higher. The enterprise conducts production and processing of vein quartz of the Sarykulsky field with
the confirmed stock of 1,74 million tons which is in property of MK KazSilicon LLP. Vein quartz of this
field is unique in it’s chemical composition: the content of silicon dioxide is 98,5 - 99,5%.
Plant’s designed capacity is:
• Gangue quartz output – 10,000 tons/year
• Production of metallurgical silicon – 2,800 tons/year
Commissioning: January 14, 2006 – registration
May 21, 2013 – re-registration
Product market outlets: Domestic markets of: the Republic of Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Germany, Netherlands, France,
Poland, Norway, Japan, South Korea, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan.
Infrastructure:
The enterprise is fully equipped with necessary infrastructure, including: energy supply, vehicle access
routes, railway line; provision of processed water (with 4 times increase possibility); available area for
installation of the second ore-thermal furnace; storage facilities for raw materials and end products;
materials storage with capacity for 2 furnaces.
Projects benefitsProduction of metallurgical silicon and quartz mining
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MK KazSilicon LLP is implemented in accordance with the Appendix 4 "The list of the
affiliated, dependent companies of JSC "National Welfare Fund "Samruk-Kazyna",
Offered to Transfer into Competitive Environment“ of approved decree of the
government of Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1141 of December 30, 2015 "About somequestions on privatization for 2016 - 2020".
MK KazSilicon LLP is the first plant in Kazakhstan on production of metallurgical
silicon of 99,9% purity and higher. The enterprise conducts production and processing
of vein quartz of the Sarykulsky field with the confirmed stock of 1,74 million tons
located in Almaty region. Vein quartz of this field is unique in it’s chemical composition:
the content of silicon dioxide is 98,5 - 99,5%.
The core metallurgical equipment is made in China applying German technologies.
An automated control system of technological process production of metallurgical
silicon has been developed and implemented.
An automated system of purification of flue gases provides a dust removal up to 99%,
which allows to not only meet environmental requirements, but also output extra 2 000
tons/year of microsilica, which is of high demand abroad.
Raw materials provisionProspects of increase in production of metallurgical
silicon and quartz mining
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Metallurgical
silicon:
Quartz:
Macadam:
Electric power:
Equipment and
machinery:
Infrastructure:
MK KazSilicon LLP has an opportunity to increase production of metallurgical silicon
(there is available installation area for the second ore-thermal furnace).
Raw material for manufacturing metallurgical silicon is the quartz crumb made from
quartz vein of the Sarykulsky field which is in property of MK KazSilicon LLP.
The enterprise has an opportunity to increase the volume of vein quartz mining from
10 000 to 100 000 tons per year.
MK KazSilicon LLP, from dumps of quartz mining, has an opportunity to organize
production of macadam from dense solid rocks for a ballast layer of railway tracks in
volume of 100 000 tons per year.
Continuous electrical supply (the main item of expenditure of the company) directly
with Uzen LLP (KazZink LLP subsidiary) on networks of transfer and transportation of
the electric power of JSC KEGOK.
Necessary equipment for production of metallurgical silicon (MG and UMG) is present
at MK KazSilicon LLP. Also present are: quarry and other types of equipment for the
quartz field development (drilling-and-blasting works are performed by the third-party
companies) and production of macadam.
MK KazSilicon LLP has sufficient enough infrastructure for increase in production of
metallurgical silicon and quartz mining, which includes: vehicle access routes, railway
line, provision of processed water (with 4 times increase possibility), warehouses for
storage of end product, raw materials and auxiliary materials.
Service Companies
«Kyzyltu» LLP
Extraction, storage, transportation and
processing of molybdenum - copper ores
Place: Aqmola region, Ereimentau district, Kyzyltu village
Members: «National atomic company «Kazatomprom» JSC - 76%;
«Stepnogorsk mining and chemical combine» LLP - 24%
Project description:
• Production capacity
2015: 2016: 2017 and on:
600 thousands tons of sulphide ore 780 thous. tons of ores 1000 thous. tons of ores
Year of formation: 14 March 2006
Sales market: The Republic of Kazakhstan, neighboring countries
General information Extraction, storage, transportation and processing of molybdenum –
copper ores
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The significance of the project
«Kyzyltu» LLP has the right for extraction molybdenum-copper ores and other associated
components in Kyzylltu deposit. The project allows to load the idle capacity of the hydro-
metallurgical plant of Stepnogorsk Mining and Chemical Combine (SMCC) as well as to form
additional jobs in Stepnogorsk town and Ereimentau district of Akmola region
The uniqueness of the project
The field emits oxidation zones which are developed in fragments which and fixed until the
depth of 20-30 meters. Ore minerals of the oxidatied zone presents malachite, lapis lazuli,
chrysocolla and few cuprites. The main ore minerals of sulfide ores are bornite, chalcocite,
chalcopyrite, to a lesser extent pyrite, magnetite, gray ores.
Advantages
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«Rusburmash-Kazakhstan» JV» LLP
Drilling of exploration and technological wells
Place: Almaty region, Almaty city
Participants: Uranium One Holding N.V. – 51%;
«Volkovalueology» JSC – 49%.
Description:
• Production capacity
2014: 2015: 2016Plan: 2016Fact (1 half-year):
1,439 wells 1,383 wells 1,404 wells 827 wells
Year of formation: 2007
Consumers: The major part of Company’s sales is connected with the needs of dependent and subsidiary
enterprises of Kazatomprom and Rosatom
Park equipment: Drilling parks of aggregates composed of 23 own technique items.
General informationDrilling of exploration and technological wells
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«RBM-Kazakhstan» JV» LLP – Russian-Kazakhstani enterprise was formed on the basis of
intergovernmental agreement signed in May 2007. The joint venture contributes to the
implementation of the Comprehensive Program of Russian-Kazakh cooperation in the field of
nuclear energy usage for peaceful purposes.
In 18 October 2007 the State license for the construction of objects for atomic energy usage is
obtained (ecological-monitoring wells with kern selection, hydrogeology, parametric,
technological stored pressure and pumping wells)
Company’s main advantage is constant work volumes coming from the subsidiaries and
dependent organizations of holding companies – Kazatomprom and Rosatom. The stable
demand for the Company’s services enables to generate positive cash flows for servicing
current liabilities and implementation of objectives.
Company’s park for drilling equipment: Drilling setting DMU-1200МК (БПУ-1200МК) – 23
items, cleaning wells setting IWD-700M (УОС-700М) – 3 items, other heavy machinery – 35
items. The wide park allows to implement complex drilling and wells repairing works
qualitatively and on time
Advantages
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Traditional & Alternative Source of Energy
“JV “KT Rare Metals Company”
Wind park «Fort-Shevchenko» 42 MW
General Project informationConstruction and exploitation of “Fort-Shevchenco” 42 MW
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Location: Republic of Kazakhstan, Mangystau region, Tupkaraganskiy district, Fort Shevchenco (FS) town.
Members: JSC “NAC “Kazatomprom” - 51%, Toshiba Corporation - 49%
Project description: Construction and operation of a wind power station (WPS) of 42 MW capacity with equipment
manufactured by “VESTAS” in Mangystau region, Western Kazakhstan. The project was developed
by engineering company AECOM (USA).
Unit Capability Factor (UCF) is about 40% and annual power generation is 147 mln. kWh.
Current project stage – ready for construction.
Commissioning of station: In 2017, continuous production cycle of the plant for 20 years
End market There are measures of state support to the project in accordance with the law “About Support of
RES”. The generated electricity will be purchased by the state for 15 years at a fixed "green" tariff.
Infrastructure: Location – on-shore, 8 km to the sea port. Average annual temperature is near 10℃, wind speed at
the height of 80 m is more than 8 m/s.
Project AdvantagesConstruction and exploitation of “Fort-Shevchenco” 42 MW
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• 200 MW of installed capacity in the Mangystau region is expected to outflow
in connection with the elaboration of normative durability in 2015.
• The annual emission reduction into the atmosphere is in equivalent of 146
tons of CO2. The annual reduction of 343 tons of sulfur dioxide. Saving of
855 thousand tons of coal or 2,700 th. barrels of oil over 15 years of WPS
exploitation.
• Project was developed by the engineering company AECOM (USA).
AECOM’s experience is confirmed by 21,500 MW of WPS implemented
projects in the world. The global coverage of AECOM company is measured
by 95 thousand of employees worldwide.
• The supplier of equipment is VESTAS. VESTAS makes the delivery,
installation and after-sales service during 10 years. VESTAS guarantees the
turbine performance at least 97%.
• Creation of additional value of project prior to construction. No additional
funding prior to WPS construction.
Availability of raw materialsConstruction and exploitation of “Fort-Shevchenco” 42 MW
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Infrastructure: The technical specifications of Mangystau REK are taken for
connecting WPS FS to the grid connection point with a distance
of 1 km from the WPS.
The technical conditions are approved for the installation of fiber
optic cable to the WPS platform.
Raw material and energy
security:
Annual wind changes were made at the height of 50m in
accordance with the international standards of 2007. The data
verification was carried out with the “PB Power” (Austria)
company participation.
Transport: AECOM developed two delivery routes of WPS equipment to
the platform. This project is one of the most effective projects in
Kazakhstan for WPS construction due to the location near the
seaport of Bautino, accessible terms of connection to the grid,
passing in the vicinity of the construction platform, a small
number of issues related to environmental protection, as well as
due to the high (8.4 m/s) average wind speed and the favorable
climatic conditions.
“Astana Solar” LLP
PRODUCTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
General informationProduction of photovoltaic modules
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Location: Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, “PV modules plant”, territory of the Special Economic Zone “Zhana
Kala“.
Participants: “NAC” Kazatomprom” JSC - 100%
Project description:Creation of industrial lines for manufacturing photovoltaic modules in Astana using SEMCO
Engineering S.A. company’s equipment (France) of annual capacity at 50 MW.
Commissioning:: 2013
Product market outlets: Domestic markets of: Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian Federation.
Infrastructure:
The enterprise has necessary industrial base with areas supplied with electricity, heat and sewage, as
well as temporary storage warehouses, vehicle access routes, water systems, sewer systems, energy
systems.
Territory: factory area is 9745 square meters and land area is 5.1 hectares. Available for redemption or
purchase for a long-term lease.
Project benefitsProduction of photovoltaic modules
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“Astana Solar” LLP is implementing a project of innovative development of
manufacturing photovoltaic modules using Kazakhstani silicon KazPV, in accordance
with the "Programme for accelerated industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan
for 2010-2014" adopted by the Government Resolution №46 from 13.01.2012. The
project is included in the Republican Map of SPAIID for 2010-2014 years.
The plant was designed and built according to international standards. Its
technology and control systems ensure great care of the environment. The project
«Astana Solar» is designed to produce PV modules of 50 MW with the ability to
increase its output capacity to 100 MW.
State provision measures:
1. By the Government Resolution № 644 dated 12.06.2014, was set a fixed tariff of 70
tenge/kWh for Solar power projects using PV modules on basis of Kazakhstani
silicon (KazPV);
2. By the Government Resolution № 703 dated 26.06.2014, was established a
targeted assistance for up to 50% of the cost of solar power stations that operate on
basis of Kazakhstani silicon (KazPV) at the expense of the state budget for
individual consumers living in areas or settlements without electricity;
3. The law of RK "On supporting the use of renewable energy sources" defines the
possibility of installing a solar power station by individuals with the ability to sell up
to 500 kW/h electric energy per month to the energy network under the current tariff.
“PV modules plant”, located on the Special Economic Zone “Zhana Kala“ territory.
«Kazakhstan Solar Silicon» LLP
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS PRODUCTION
General informationPhotovoltaic cells production
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Location: The Republic of Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Ust-Kamenogorsk
Participants: “NAC” Kazatomprom” JSC - 100%
Project description:LLP "Kazakhstan Solar Silicon" is intended to become a competitive company for production of
photovoltaic cells from silicon (the main component of photovoltaic modules that converts solar energy
into electricity), thereby to contribute to the implementation of the strategy "Kazakhstan 2050" aimed at
entering the 30 most developed countries of the world. The partnership produces multi-crystalline
silicon wafers (156 × 156 mm p-type) and photovoltaic cells with an efficiency of not less than 16%.
Maximum production capacity is 60 MW.
The plant is operational today, with staff count of 351 employee.
Product market outlets:LLP "Astana Solar“ was planned to be the only consumer of photovoltaic cells in the KazPV project.
Project benefits Photovoltaic cells production
41
Kazakhstan Solar Silicon LLP operates as a project within the framework of
the state program of development of silicon industry sector in the Republic of
Kazakhstan, which is expected to shift the country’s economy from production
and sale of cheap quartz raw materials to manufacturing of valuable import-
substituting products, i.e. the development of PV modules production based
on Kazakhstan silicon (KazPV Project).
The basis for silicon wafers production is a formation of multi-crystalline ingots
from silicon-melt of solar quality (supplied by "MC" KazSilicon LLP ") by the
vertical directed crystallization. Crystallization of solar silicon is carried out in
quartz crucibles in furnaces with controlled temperature gradient and inert gas
purge.
During photovoltaic cells production the silicon wafers convert into solar cells
(photocells).
The process of photovoltaic cells production includes several consecutive
steps:
˗ texturing and chemical treatment of wafer surface
˗ formation of emitting p-n junction
˗ phosphorus-silicate glass removal and p-n junction isolation
˗ deposition of anti-reflective coating
˗ contact metallization formation
˗ end product testing and distribution