Chemical Engineering as anAcademic Major and a Career Mark J. McCreadyProfessor and Department Chair Chemical Engineering

OutlineThe origins of chemical engineeringWhat was it?What has it become?What kinds of courses do you take to become a chemical engineer?What are the opportunities for research?What kinds of careers do chemical engineers follow?

OverviewChemical engineering is the discipline that uses a molecular understanding of matter to produce from raw materials in useful quantities, all of the synthetic materials that are used by humankind.In addition to chemistry and biology, the primary subjects that make this possible are molecular thermodynamics and transport phenomena. The design part of chemical engineering often involves invention of new materials based on molecular knowledge and creation of new cellular level processes -- yes we use bacteria as chemical factories.

Color SchemeThis is the standard slide, no humor is intended.AcknowledgementProfessor Edward MaginnSlides on career info

Color SchemeIf you see this color slide, it is possible thatA. I am not being entirely seriousB. I am inserting a disclaimer -- in case my colleagues in other disciplines would not agree with what I say !It is up to your judgement to decide!!Acknowledgementshttp://www.notveryfunnyjokes.comhttp:// www.custombutnotgoodmusicclips.com

One-linersHow would we measure hail without golf balls? I never think of the future. It comes soon enough. (Albert Einstein) Diplomacy is the art of letting somebody else have your way. "Imagination is more important than knowledge." (Albert Einstein)

We can start with a Definitionwww.dictionary.com chemical engineering (km-kl nj-nrng) n.

The branch of engineering that deals with the technology of large-scale chemical production and the manufacture of products through chemical processes.------------------------------------------------------------------------chemical engineer n.

Traditional chemical/petroleum industry

Traditional chemical/petroleum industry Large distillation tower

Traditional chemical/petroleum industry SHANGHAI OIL REFINERYhttp://www.luboil.com/brief/brief.html

Traditional chemical/petroleum industry Fluidized bed Catalytic Cracking unithttp://www.luboil.com/brief/brief.html

What did chemical engineers look like?

An academic jokehttp://www.jokes-for-all.com

At Cambridge University during an examination one day a bright young student popped up and asked the proctor to bring him Cakes and Ale. The following dialog ensued:

Proctor: I beg your pardon?

Student: Sir, I request that you bring me Cakes and Ale.

Proctor: Sorry, no.

Student: Sir, I really must insist. I request and require that you bring me Cakes and Ale.

At this point, the student produced a copy of the four hundred year old Laws of Cambridge, written in Latin and still nominally in effect, and pointed to the section which read (roughly translated): "Gentlemen sitting examinations may request and require Cakes and Ale." Pepsi and hamburgers were judged the modern equivalent, and the student sat there, writing his examination and happily slurping away.

Three weeks later, the student was fined five pounds for not wearing a sword to the examination.

What is chemical engineering?Chemical Engineering originated with the need to transform raw materials into useful products through chemical reactions. The reactions were discovered by chemists starting in the 1600s and by the end of the 1800s, there was a need to produce large quantities of an ever increasing number of materials. The scale-up of a laboratory reaction (~grams) to a profitable commercial process 106 grams) is usually not a matter of just making bigger laboratory equipment (flasks, beaker and Bunsen burners).

(Aside) What is engineering?To define it rudely but not inaptly, engineering is the art of doing that well with one dollar which any bungler can do with two dollars. -Arthur M. Wellington, The Economic Theory of the Location of Railways, Introduction (6th ed.,1900).

We can also say about chemical engineering ...Chemical engineers use the principles of engineering analysis and knowledge of chemistry to design, build and operate processes that provide society with items such as: petroleum fuels, toothpaste, low fat potato chips, paint, plastic for athletic shoes or carpeting, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, computer chips, etc. If nothing sticks to Teflon, how does it stick to the pan?How can you make carpet from crude oil?

Transdermal glucose monitorhttp://www.techchem.com/2000nonevasi.html

Brain Cancer implantable patchhttp://www.guilfordpharm.com/fs_products_f.htm

... the future of chemical engineering ...In the future we might expect: replacement bones, tendons, skin and other organs, superconducting integrated circuits, ceramic and plastic automobiles, nonmetallic bridges and building structures and clothes that dont get dirty!!

Synthesis of replacement parts for peopleBob Langer, Chemical Enginering Professor at MIT Alan Alda, One of Langers students

Video from Scientific American Frontiers

Chemical reactor for growing heart tissue

Synthetic heart cells

Synthetic heart cells

Bad sports clichs http://www.sportscliche.comThey wanted it more than we did. We beat ourselves. We didn't maintain the intensity for the entire 60 minutes.We brought our A-game.I'm really proud of the way our guys hung in there.

He's an impact player. He's some kind of player. (Mind telling us what kind?) You can't say enough about him. Hes the real deal!

Not a clich !Chemical Engineering is what chemical engineers do! J. Wei, Dean of Engineering at Princeton

Chemical Engineers and Chemical Engineering are not defined by what we make, but by the body of knowledge that we learn, our view of the world and the mathematical tools that we use.

What do students take to become chemical engineers?First let us try still harder to see what chemical engineers need to understand to be able to do what we have seen.

Primary characteristics of chemical engineersMost all of the products of the world are made of materials that are in a different form from the raw materials from which they were made.Chemical engineers understand matter in terms of its fundamental nature,i.e., molecules, can describe molecules or groups of molecules quantitativelyThey use molecular understanding to deal with processes involving chemical, biological and physical transformations of matterTo effectively do this, they can answer the important questions necessary to bridge the gap from molecular sizes up to the dimensions of everyday life.

Comparing different engineering disciplinesA way to think of which kind of engineer you might want to be is to connect with your inner self You know, ... from when you were 10 years old.Or at least sometime before education changed who you are.What about the world did you find most fascinating?

Comparing different engineering disciplinesThen:Chemical engineering describes the processes of natureIf: Mechanical engineering inherently deals with all of the mechanical devices of humankind.IfCivil engineering involves the design and construction of large structures.IfElectrical engineering deals with the materials and processes that allow communication systems and computers.

What do chemical engineers learn about to become one?Fundamental Science, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology Engineering science topics:Chemical ThermodynamicsTransport Phenomena Integration of these in courses such asReaction Engineering, Separation Processes and Process Design

The curriculumSophomore yearJunior year

SOPHOMORE YEAR

First SemesterCr.Second Semester Cr.

MATH 225, Calculus III3.5MATH 228, Calculus IV3.5

CHEM 223,Org Chem I3CHEM 224, Org Chem II3

CHEM 223L, Organic Chem Lab I1Arts and Letters V3

PHYS 132, Gen Phys II3.5CHEG 258, Computer Mtds 3

CHEG 255, Intro Chem Eng 3CHEG 327, Thermo I3

Arts and Letters IV_3

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17 15.5

First SemesterCr.Second SemesterCr.

MATH 325, Diff Eqns3CHEM 324, Physical Chem3

CHEM 333, Analytical Chem2CHEG 356, Transport Phen II3

CHEM 333L, Analytical Chem Lab 2 CHEG 225, Materials3

Arts and Letters VI3CHEG 358, Chem Eng Lab I3

CHEG 343, Thermo II3Elective 3

CHEG 355, Transport Phen I 3 Arts and Letters VII_3

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Applications of transport phenomenaFlow of oil in sandstoneGoverning equation

P is the local pressure causing flowKe is an effective hydraulic conductivity the response of fluid flow to the change in pressureInterstitial lymph fluid flowGoverning equation

Applications of transport phenomenaBoth problems are governed by

For a steady flow we have:

Parabolic velocity profile

The curriculumSophomore yearJunior year

SOPHOMORE YEAR

First SemesterCr.Second SemesterCr.

MATH 225, Calculus III3.5MATH 228, Calculus IV3.5

CHEM 223,Org Chem I3CHEM 224, Org Chem II3

CHEM 223L, Organic Chem Lab I1Arts and Letters V3

PHYS 132, Gen Phys II3.5CHEG 258, Computer Mtds 3

CHEG 255, Intro Chem Eng 3CHEG 327, Thermo I3

Arts and Letters IV_3

___

17 15.5

First SemesterCr.Second SemesterCr.

MATH 325, Diff Eqns3CHEM 324, Physical Chem3

CHEM 333, Analytical Chem2CHEG 356, Transport Phen II3

CHEM 333L, Analytical Chem Lab 2 CHEG 225, Materials3

Arts and Letters VI3CHEG 358, Chem Eng Lab I3

CHEG 343, Thermo II3Elective 3

CHEG 355, Transport Phen I 3 Arts and Letters VII_3

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Phase equilibriaFundamental chemical relationThe fugacity of a component in each phase is equal,fiI = fiII Vapor - liquid equilibriaBasis for designing distillation columns, (or where the alcohol goes when you cook with wine.) Gas-liquid equilibriaSolubility of oxygen or carbon dioxide in waterHappy fishesHappy people drinking carbonated drinks,

The curriculum senior yearWe also have a Pre-med (biology) option, an Environmental Option and a Materials Certificate Program.

First SemesterCr.Second SemesterCr.

CHEG 438, Chem Proc Control3CHEG 448, Proc Design 3

CHEG 459, Chem Eng Lab II3 ENG/#Advanced Science elective3

CHEG 443, Separation Proc3Chemical Engineering Elective3

CHEG 445, Chem Rxn Eng3*Technical Elective3

ENG/ #Advanced Science elective3Elective _3_

Arts and Letters VIII_3

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Reaction KineticsEnzyme binds to a substrate to cause a reaction

Michaelis-MentenGaseous chemical species adsorbs on a catalyst and reacts

Langmuir-Hinshelwood

Opportunities for research as an undergraduateCharacterization and synthesis of advanced materialsNanoscale bioengineeringComplex fluids and flowsSurface science and catalysisMinimizing the impact of chemical manufacturing processesApplied molecular thermodynamics

Combustion synthesisSynthesis of advanced ceramic materials, A. Varma and coworkers

Combustion synthesisA selection of parts made by combustion synthesis

Nanoscale BioengineeringNear-Field MicroscopyFrom the lab of Professor Ostafin, taken by Fei Liu

15nm gold particles with a silica shellred blood cells, 500 nm

Nanoscale bioengineeringElectrokinetic flowFrom the lab of ProfessorAgnes Ostafin --research ofAdrienne Minerick

Nanoscale bioengineeringFrom the lab of ProfessorAgnes Ostafin--research ofAdrienne Minerick

Waves in gas-liquid flowsFrom the lab of ProfessorMarkMcCready --research ofWilliamKuru

Surface ScienceScanning - Tunneling MicroscopyFrom the lab of ProfessorEduardo WolfSTM Image of Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG)

STM Image of Octadecanol Adsorbed on HOPG Surface(from the lab of Professor Eduardo Wolf)Surface ScienceScanning - Tunneling Microscopy

What do chemical engineers from Notre Dame do?

Random sampling of current seniorsAccenture (IT / business consulting) 3Bayer (pharmaceuticals)Procter and Gamble (brand mgmt)UOP (process engineering) 2TRW (satellite systems)Technology Services Group (consulting web-based applications)Merrill Lynch (investment banking)GE (aircraft engines division)Loyola (law school)Air Products (Career Development Program)U. Texas SW (medical school)Military (medical service corp, flight school) 2Northwestern University (graduate school in chemical engineering)Eli Lilly (pharmaceuticals)

Snapshot summary20% business / consulting 20% professional / graduate school20% chemical / petroleum industry10% pharmaceutical industry10% military10% aerospace industry10% marketing, financial services

Why can our graduates have such varied careers?Our program is broad and fundamentalNot geared toward a particular product or industry Traditional chemical and petroleum industry is in stable phase Pharmaceutical industry is growing Other growth industries (IT, business consulting, financial services) recognize the value of a fundamental engineering education

Some endorsements

Listen guys,Its not that hard, ... its not chemical engineering...Coaching is great, but Ihope Murphy willbe a chemical engineer

SummaryChemical engineers use an understanding of the molecular nature of matter, along with thermodynamics and transport phenomena to create, design and produce, usually involving chemical, biological or physical transformations, into such as varied items asFood products, pharmaceuticals, basic and fine chemicals, and new drug delivery devices.Future products are not limited to replacement parts for people, micro-scale diagnostic tools and memory polymers

Given to EG112 on 3/2/01. It ran only about 40 minutes. bungler joke was not funny, Cambridge was/Needed a slide explaining the thermo behind the soda pop. The slides on Transport and Thermo and Rxn eng. Were also a little week.

Could use more research from ND stuff. The stuff about the curriculum in the middle did not flow well.