CHEMICAL BONDING IN SPORTS

By; Delia A. and Unicorn G.

hemoglobin

Hemoglobin- is something that

helps oxygen transfer to your lungs. It carries

the oxygen in your red blood cells and carries it in your lungs to help you breathe.

Importance ofHemoglobin

It is important because it helps transfer oxygen to the blood. Hemoglobin has iron, in it and it makes the oxygen and carbon dioxide easier to go throughout the human body.

http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html

How is hemoglobin successful to help you climb Mount Everest?

Since hemoglobin gives you energy it will help you work up the energy to be able to climb mount Everest.

What is Blood Doping?

Blood doping is when athletes or any type of performer draws blood from their body and then preserves it so their body can create more blood cells and then before the event they inject it back into their body to help them breathe better.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-blood-doping.htmhen

What is the difference between autologous and homologous doping.

Autologous; when the blood cells from one person that is compatible to another person is harvested.

and ~

Homologous; when ones own blood cells are harvested and are placed in before an athletic event.

What is EPO and why is it used?EPO is a glycoprotein that is made in the Kidney that helps form red blood cells in Bone Marrow!

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.affymax.com/file.cfm/27/images/HematideHow1_v3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.affymax.com/view.cfm/27/How-It-Works&usg=__84p9i67PpQStHPx9xUKzmjATF7w=&h=193&w=214&sz=16&hl=en&start=27&um=1&tbnid=wY8o_8a_9IfaSM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3DEPO%2Bbone%2Bmarrow%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D21%26um%3D1

What are the medical uses of blood doping?

Blood doping increases Red Blood Cell production which can also be a treatment for Anemia.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/83247.php

Why us blood doping used in sports?

Blood doping is used in sports because it intensifies the athletes endurance.

On the last day of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, three cross-country skiers were booted out of the Games for blood doping. Two of the skiers lost their medals, the other was disqualified from the games. Blood doping by athletes is cheating - just like using steroids or bribing a judge.How Does Blood Doping Work? Blood doping is a method of increasing the number of red blood cells in the body which in turn carry more oxygen to the muscles. It is most often used by athletes who compete in high endurance races like cycling or cross-country skiing. In the past, a liter of blood would be removed from an athlete's system and then frozen and stored for several weeks. A day or two before a big race, the stored blood would be re-injected into the athlete's system - creating extra red blood cells. These extra red blood cells would carry more oxygen to the muscles - giving the athlete an advantage over the other racers who don't use blood doping. Athletes don't re-inject blood very much anymore. Instead, cheating athletes will inject genetically engineered drugs which cause the body to create extra red blood cells. The most common type of blood doping chemical used is called EPO - which is used to treat patients who have kidney disease. The one supposedly used by those scamming skiers in Salt Lake City is called darbepoetin, which is also used to treat kidney disease. What's So Bad About Blood Doping? Blood doping is cheating and has several unhealthy side effects. Injecting blood doping chemicals can cause kidney damage, jaundice (the skin, eyes and body fluids turn yellow) and blood clots. Re-injecting blood from an athlete's own body can cause blood infections and heart problems. How Are Blood Dopers Busted? Athletes who use blood doping to increase their performance will have a higher red blood cell density. This can be detected by testing the athlete's levels of hemoglobin (protein which causes blood to be the red color we see.) EPO and other blood doping drugs can be detected in an athlete's system by urine tests. It's believed there are some blood doping drugs out there that drug testers don't know about which some athletes are using.

http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1832-blood-doping-in-sports-athletes-cheating

1st documented on blood doping used in a sport.

AAP Sports News (Australia) 07-26-2004 Oly: Blood-doping cheats beware, experts say

By Bjorn Rundstrom

STOCKHOLM, Reuters - Blood doping, a scourge in world sports since the scandal-hit 1998 edition of the Tour de France cycling classic, will not help athletes to glory at

next month's Olympic Games in Athens, experts say.

"If you cheat, you will be caught," Dick Pound, chairman of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), wrote in the agency's Play True newsletter.

Swede Arne Ljungqvist, who heads the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) medical commission, echoed Pound's confidence that blood-doping cheats would be caught, saying testing would increase in Athens during the August 13-29 ...

http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-96824780.html

2nd documented on blood doping used in a sport.

How is hemoglobin important in the transportation of oxygen?Because it supplies oxygen to tissues bound to hemoglobin, which is carried in red cells

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood

What are the side effects of blood doping?While some side effects are good such as:

The treatment of anemia and kidney disease.

The bad side effects consist of:

Serious heath risks because your thickening the blood which causes such as heart disease,

stroke, and cerebral or pulmonary embolism. Also it may also lead to autoimmune diseases with some serious negative factors.

http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/QA_Blood_Doping_En.pdf