Chemical Bonding Josselyn Galvez.

         What is Hemoglobin ? Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying pigment of red cells which gives them their color and gives oxygen to the tissues.

-http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hemoglobin& Google.com For Picture.  

 

How is hemoglobin important in the transport of oxygen in our bodies?

Hemoglobin has four parts to it which all parts have an iron atom bound.Each Iron atom has to change its protein shape so that it can bind more with the Oxygen molecules.This cycle is known as cooperativity, now if the Hemoglobin is low in Oxygen it wont really bind much but if the Hemoglobin is around alot of Oxygen it will bind with the Oxygen really well.This helps the Hemoglobin take Oxygen to the lungs. To place it in the body parts that are low in Oxygen

               http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00765.htm & http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/images/hemoglobin.jpg    

why is the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin a real - life example of chemical bonding ?

The transport of Oxygen by Hemoglobin is a real-life example of chemical bonding because the elements of Iron and Oxygen have to bond together since Iron has a + charge and Oxygen has a - charge to form a chemical bond.

 - P. T & my knowledge

               http://www.eurobloodsubstitutes.com/images/hemoglobinPicture10.jpg

How is Hemoglobin related to a successful climb to the top of Mt.Everest?

Hemoglobin relates to having a successful climb to the top of Mt.Everest becauser an oxygen molecule makes it into the bloosteam and it quickly attaches to the hemoglobin. Giving an athlete the ability to breath right since the hemoglobin is carrying oxygen to every part of the body that needs it . Since the athlete is having alot of body movement it is causing the body to have more oxygen which imrpoves the persons endurance.

http://www.avweb.com/news/aeromed/181937-1.html

                    http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect6/mount-everest.gif

what does pH have to do with the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin? Well the pH scale has some what do to with the transport of Oxygen by hemoglodin.  Blood is usually around a pH of 7.35 to 7.45, which makes it slightily alkaline.When oxygen is added the pH level goes up which makes it become a stronger acid.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood

                   http://www.zeolitesupport.com/acids_and_bases_phscale.jpg

   What is blood doping ?

Blood doping is a prodecure in which an Athlete reinjects his own or a family members blood, to increase the carrying capacity of Oxygen to the red blood cells .

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/blood+doping

              http://www.pharmainfo.net/files/u4142/GeneDoping3_widec.jpg

What is the difference between Autologous and Homologous blood doping?

The difference between Autologous and Homologous is that Homologous is when you get a transfusion of blood from another person and having a posibility of gettting an infection due to the transplant of blood. Now Autologous is using your own blood for a transplant of blood which is better because you are not able to get any disease from it.  http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/659347/facts_about_blood_doping.html?cat=14

           http://www.makna.org.my/images/autoglass.gif

  

 What is EPO and why is it used? EPO = Erythopoietin

EPO is a protein hormone produced by the kidney.It is used to treat caertain forms of anemia which is caused when the kidney fails. 

http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/epo.html

 

What are the medical uses of blood doping ?

Blood doping is a process of removing 2 to 4 units of blood from a person.Then the RBCs are spun and separated from the plasma and then they are stored in glycerol.  2-3 months pass for the RBC to be restored in the athlete, which has to happen 3-5 days before their competition . http://www.nsca.com/Education/NPEDP/epo.shtml

                  http://library.thinkquest.org/08aug/02525/Components/Content%20diagrams/blood%20doping.png

  Why is blood doping used in sports?

Blood doping is a method used in sports so that athletes can gain a competitive advantage. This helps increase the athletes hemoglobin concentration to go up above normal levels.   http://illumin.usc.edu/article.php?articleID=124

                   http://blogsimages.skynet.be/images/000/433/833_lance%20armstrong.jpg

Example of Blood Doping #1

Five-time Olympic speed skating champion Claudia Pechstein  has been banned for two years from speed skating because of her used of blood doping.

http://www.topnews.in/general/doping

                  http://www.claudia-pechstein.de/fotos/_img/01/oly2_01.jpg

Example of Blood Doping #2

Italian marathon runner Alberico Di Cecco has been banned for two years after testing positive for the blood-boosting hormone EPO. The suspension started on oct. 12 last year and is ending this oct.11, 2010.

http://www.topnews.in/general/doping

                 http://www.corridori.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/alberico-dicecco.jpg

What are the side affects of blood doping?

The side affects of blood doping are :Increased blood viscosity ; heart attack; Pulmonary embolism; Cerebral embolism;stroke; and infections.

http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/doping.php

            http://www.a1supplements.com/files/mhpvictor.jpg