chemical and biological nematicide testing in...
TRANSCRIPT
J.A. Desaeger and P. DahlinUniversity of Florida
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Wimauma, FL
Chemical and biological nematicide testing in tomato
2 tomato field trials – October and March
2 tapes
• Fluensulfone (Nimitz), fluopyram (Velum) and fluazaindolizine (Salibro), applied via drip tape (1 or 2), either by themselves or combined with other nematicides (fumigants and Vydate)
• Biologicals: Majestene and Melocon
• Efficacy against root-knot nematodes
• Effects on plant vigor and yield
• Impact on non-plant parasitic nematode groups
New fluorine (3-F) nematicides
New products are less toxic and more selective – true nematicidesNew modes of action – or unknown; Different soil behavior – efficacy and application
Chemical name Trade name
Structure Soil movement / solubility (water)
Soil ½ life MOA Tox. Cat.
Fumigants (1,3-D) Many Good- Gas Short < 14 d ? Danger
Oxamyl Vydate Good- 240,000 ppm Short 7 d ACheI Danger
Fluensulfone Nimitz Medium- 545 ppm Short 7-17 d ? Caution
Fluopyram Velum Poor – 10 ppm Long > 200 d SDHI Warning
Fluazaindolizine Salibro(reg ‘19)
Medium+ 2000 ppm Medium 30 d ? TBD
Tomato Trial, Gulf Coast REC, October 201610/2/2017
Beach sand … root-knot nematode = Meloidogyne javanica
Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)10/2/2017
cde cde
bcb b
bcd
e
bc
de
a
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 pt 3.5 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate
1 lb 1 lb +Vydate
2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum
6.5 oz +Vydate
60 gal
Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum Kpam UTC
Gal
l in
dex
(0
-10
)
4 weeks 8 weeks 14 weeks
All nematicides reduced gall ratings end of the season
Low-medium RKN pressure
Root-knot nematode soil counts - end of season10/2/2017
ab
b
ab
ab
b b
b
ab
ab
a
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3.5 pt 7 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate
1 lb 1 lb +Vydate
2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum
6.5 oz +Vydate
60 gal
Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum K-pam UTC
J2's
/200
cc
soil
UTC highest root-knot counts; no difference among other PPN: stubby, lance, sting, lesion, spiral, ring, sheath nematodes
Pre-plant and post-treatment soil counts were very low (0-1 J2 / 200 cc soil)
Plant vigor(NDVI) during the season
7
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 11 weeks
ND
VI
(0-1
)
Nimitz + Vydate
Velum + Vydate
Salibro + Vydate
Vydate + Vydate
K-pam
Check
K-pam
Check
K-pam Check
3-F nematicides similar crop vigor, in between check and K-pam
Greenseeker
Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks
10/2/2017
b
ab
b bb
b
b
b
a
b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
3.5 pt 7 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate
1 lb 1 lb +Vydate
2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum
6.5 oz +Vydate
60 gal
Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum Kpam UTC
LBS
PER
PLO
T
1st pick 2nd pick 3th pick
Sclerotium rolfsii
No difference 1st and 2nd pick; K-pam greatest 3rd pick
Nematode feeding groups in tomato -Early season, 10-20 days post-treatment
10/2/2017 (7-21
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Nimitz Half
Nimitz Full
Velum
Salibro
Vydate
Check
K-pam
Number per 150 cc soil
Bacterivores Fungivores (P<0.01) Omnivores (P<0.01) Herbivores
(a) bacterial feeder, (b) fungal feeder, (c) plant feeder, (d) predator, (e) omnivore.
Fungivores, omnivores and herbivores knocked out … no effect of new nematicides
Nematode feeding groups in tomato –Late season, 120 days post-treatment
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Nimitz Half
Nimitz Full
Salibro
Vydate+Velum
Velum+Vydate
Vydate
Check
K-pam
Number per 150 cc soil
Bacterivores (P=0.01) Fungivores (ns) Omnivores (ns) Herbivores (P<0.01)
Herbivores dominate, minor differences among other feeding groups
Tomato Trial, Gulf Coast REC, March 201710/2/2017
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PicClor60 No fumigant Pic100Chemical / biological
Bacterial toxins, Burkholderia spp, strain A396
Majestene
Nematode parasitcfungus, Paecilomyceslilacinus
Melocon
Organic Nematicides in tomato
Nimitz 7 pt 7 Days before plantingVelum 6.5 oz 1-3 days before plantingSalibro 1 lb ai 1-3 days before plantingVydate 2Qt+1 At planting + 20 daysMajestene 2 gal/A + 1 At planting + 21 daysMelocon 4 lbs/A x 2 At planting + 28 daysUTC
Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)
AB
BCC
BC
AB
A
ABC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Gal
l ind
ex (0
-10)
PicClor60
17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27
Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)
AB
E
BC
CD
D
ABA
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Gal
l ind
ex (0
-10)
Pic100
17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27
Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks
10/2/2017
BA AB AB AB AB AB
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LBS
PER
PLO
T
1st pick 2st pick 3st pick
Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
17.5.08 17.5.31 17.6.27
Gal
l ind
ex (0
-10)
none PicClor60 Pic100
Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks
10/2/2017
A
BB
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pic100 PicClor60 None
LBS
PER
PLO
T
1st pick 2st pick 3st pick
Plant vigor(NDVI) during the season
18
Greenseeker
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
17.04.10 17.04.20 17.05.01 17.05.15
ND
VI (
0-1)
Pic100 PicClor60 None
Conclusions
▫ New 3-F Nematicides are less toxic and safer to use – no more danger label
▫ More selective – true nematicides – less impact on non-parasitic nematode feeding groups
▫ New modes of action – or unknown
▫ Different soil behavior – efficacy and application
▫ Not replacements for soil fumigants
▫ Biological nematicides are under further investigations this upcoming tomato season.
10/2/2017
2017 – Gulf Coast REC Nematology Lab
20
• Andrea Ruthes• Jake Helmer• Mike Burrell• Johan Desaeger• Paul Dahlin• Homan Regmi• Chenzhao “Bonnie” Xie• David Moreira