chem-to-go lesson 10 unit 3 anatomy of the periodic table you might want to have a periodic table...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chem-To-Go Lesson 10Unit 3
ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC
TABLE
You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!
![Page 2: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dmitri Mendeleev“Father of the Periodic Table”
Henry Moseley
QUICK HISTORY
Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass
Arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number
![Page 3: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Periodic Law - The periodic law states that certain chemical and physical properties repeat themselves every eight elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
PERIODIC LAW
Periods = rows
Colu
mn
s =
g
rou
ps
![Page 4: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS
• Metals• Nonmet
als• Metalloi
ds
![Page 5: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Metals• Typically solid at
room temperature
• Conduct electricity and heat
• Shiny
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Lose electrons to be stable
Nonmetals• Diverse in room
temperature state of matter
• Non-conductors
• Brittle
• Non-lustrous
• Gain electrons to become stable
PROPERTIES
![Page 6: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SIX IMPORTANT GROUPS
![Page 7: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TWO IMPORTANT PATTERNSNumber of Valence Electrons = Column Number
![Page 8: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TWO IMPORTANT PATTERNSCommon Charge of the Ion Pattern
![Page 9: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chem-To-Go Lesson 11Unit 3
ATOMIC RADIUS & IONIC RADIUS
![Page 10: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TRENDSTrend = a repeating pattern
Periodic Trend = a repeating pattern on the periodic table
![Page 11: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ATOMIC RADIUSDefinition: ½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical touching atoms
![Page 12: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ATOMIC RADIUSPeriod trend: [row pattern]; atomic radius DECREASES from left to right across a row Group trend: [column pattern]; atomic radius DECREASES from bottom to top of a column
WHY?
•Radius decreases across a period because the nucleus is gaining more protons to become larger and more strongly positive. The electron cloud is drawn in by forces of attraction.
• Radius decreases up a group because there are fewer energy levels at the top of the periodic table.
PERIOD TREND
GR
OU
P T
REN
D
![Page 13: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ATOMIC RADIUSMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Which of the following atoms will has the smallest radius?
a. Tin b. Strontium c. Selenium d. Arsenic
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 14: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ATOMIC RADIUSMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
2. Which of the following atoms will has a larger radius than calcium?
a.Aluminum b. Copper c. Potassium d. None
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 16: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cation= Positively charged ion (neutral atom has lost one or more electrons)
Anion= Negatively charged ion (neutral atom has gained one or more electrons)
IONS
![Page 17: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
IONIC RADIUSDefinition: size of the ion; usually compared to the size of its neutral atom
![Page 18: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CATION RADIUS
ANION RADIUS
IONIC RADIUS
Cations form by losing electrons. As electrons are
lost, the ion becomes smaller.
Anions form by gaining electrons. As electrons are
gained, the ion becomes larger.
![Page 19: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chem-To-Go Lesson 12Unit 3
IONIZATION ENERGY &
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
![Page 20: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGYDefinition: the energy required to remove a first electron from an atom
![Page 21: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGY
![Page 22: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGY
Period trend: [row pattern]; ionization energy INCREASES from left to right across a row Group trend: [column pattern]; ionization energy INCREASES from bottom to top of a column
WHY?•The energy needed to remove an electron increases as the nucleus becomes more strongly positive and the electrons are drawn in closer to it.
• The energy needed to remove an electron increases as the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus. The shielding effect makes removing electrons easier from higher energy levels.
PERIOD TREND
GR
OU
P T
REN
D
![Page 23: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGYSHIELDING EFFECT OF CORE ELECTRONS
•The energy needed to remove an electron increases as the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus. The shielding effect makes removing electrons easier from higher energy levels.
![Page 24: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGYMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Which of the following atoms will has the smallest ionization energy?
a. Tin b. Strontium c. Selenium d. Arsenic
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 25: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1ST IONIZATION ENERGYMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
2. Which of the following atoms has a larger ionization energy than calcium?
a.Aluminum b. Copper c. Potassium d. None
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 26: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITYDefinition: the ability of an atom in a chemical bond to draw the bonding electrons closer to itself
![Page 27: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Notice that the noble gases are NOT in the image. Since they don’t form bonds, they have no
electronegativity values.
![Page 28: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Period trend: [row pattern]; electronegativity INCREASES from left to right across a row Group trend: [column pattern]; electronegativity INCREASES from bottom to top of a column
WHY?•The larger and more positive nuclei on the right side of the table are more likely to attract the bonding electrons
• An unshielded nucleus is better at attracting bonding electrons. Fewer energy levels means more electronegativity.
PERIOD TREND
GR
OU
P T
REN
D
![Page 29: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITYMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Which of the following atoms will has the highest electronegativity?
a. Tin b. Chlorine c. Neon d. Arsenic
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 30: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITYMemory
Tool
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE:
2. Which of the following atoms will has a higher electronegativity than P?
a.Oxygen b. Fluorine c. Helium d. None
• Use a periodic table!• Find all of the elements.• Apply the trend.
![Page 31: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Group trend: [column pattern]; electron affinity INCREASES from bottom to top of a column
Definition: the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.
Period trend: [row pattern]; electron affinity INCREASES from left to right across a row
ELECTRON AFFINITY
PERIOD TREND
![Page 32: Chem-To-Go Lesson 10 Unit 3 ANATOMY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE You might want to have a periodic table handy during the video!](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b50c0550346d41a8b5fa5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ELECTRON AFFINITY
Memory Tool