Chem. 133 – 1/26 Lecture

Introduction- Instructor: Roy Dixon

• Educational Background in Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry

• Most of my research currently is in HPLC technology/methodology development or applications

Class: Chemical Instrumentation

• General Goals of Education (copied roughly from Dean a few years ago):– Jobs– Career– Skills– Knowledge– Member of Society– Future Life-long Learner

• Main focus will be on skills and knowledge, but sometimes it is worth looking at larger picture

Learning Objectives of Class(Skills and Knowledge Set)

• Learn how instruments work• Learn measures of instrument performance

and what affects performance• Know common applications of instruments

(e.g. how can we use an instrument to determine a compound’s concentration, identity or structure)

• Connect instrument performance with method/sample/analyte demands

Roll Call and Adding Students

• Class normally has 12 students• Currently 10 in class and 6 on waitlist• I will add 2 from waitlist and possibly 1 or

2 more• I plan to add students in gap between

lecture and lab• Students wanting to add, but not currently

on the waitlist will need to fill in my waitlist

Adding Students• Priority for Adding Students

1. BS Chem majors graduating S’162. BS Chem majors graduating F’16 and BA

Forensic majors graduating S’163. Any Chem/Biochem majors graduating by F’164. All others

• Within each category, preference given to those higher on waitlist

• You may be asked to show evidence for your graduation date

Handouts• Syllabus• Laboratory Schedule• 1st Homework Assignment

SyllabusTop 3 Items

• Lab Class room = Sequoia 516, but will spend time in other instrument rooms too

• Office hours– can arrange meetings at other times

• Internet Site– will post handouts, keys to homework and

exams, “practice” exams, Powerpoint lecture notes, and updates (e.g. if changes to syllabus)

Syllabus• Text Books

– Harris (Quantitative Chemical Analysis)• Main text• We are using the 8th Edition, older editions could be

used but you must find the differences– Rubinson and Rubinson (Contemporary

Instrumental Analysis)• Supplementary text book• Available at library reserves• Used for electronics and NMR instruction

– Skoog et al. (Principles of Instrumental Analysis)• Recommended for anyone interested in working as an

analytical chemist

GradingLecture Component

• Exams (44% of grade)– 3 midterms (see syllabus for dates)– Comprehensive Final Exam (may be ACS

multiple choice exam)• Quizzes (8% of grade)

– Roughly every 2 weeks unless near exam• Homework (3% of grade)

– Only a subset of problems will be turned in (Bold problems in first set)

GradingLab Component

• Lab Reports/Lab Practical (35% of grade)– 5 lab reports (one for each lab experiment)– Each report (or lab practical) worth 7% of total grade– Possibility to replace one (and only one) lab report with a

lab practical for selected experiments– Penalties for late labs (but 1 lab 1 period late is

acceptable in exchange for attending 1 Chem 294 seminar)

– More on experiments in lab outline (will discuss in lab)

GradingLab Component – cont.

• Term Project (10% of grade)– Hand out to be given out soon– Projects: J. Chem. Ed. projects (e.g. analysis of caffeine),

instrument construction (digitized bomb calorimeter), STORC applied projects (analysis of composter methane concentration)

– Will work on in lab during last 4 to 5 weeks, but basic due dates given earlier (e.g. topic, proposal, progress report)

– A poster presentation is required

Topics• Electronics

– Emphasis on understanding multiple aspects of electronics for instruments

– Some topics will be covered qualitatively• Electrochemistry (fundamentals + qualitative

understanding of ion selective electrodes)• Spectroscopy

– Fundamental sections (theory and spectrometer components)

– Specific types (UV-Visible, fluorescence, atomic, and NMR)• Mass Spectrometry• Chromatography

– Theory of separations, and main components – GC and HPLC

Homework Set 1• Three subsets (1.1, 1.2, and 1.3)• Bold Homework problems are

graded; do not turn in other problems

• Subsets should be done before quizzes

• Solutions will be posted.

Today’s Lecture• Measures of Instrument Performance• Overview of Electronics• Electronic Definitions and Basic Laws

– covering in lab (only need blackboard)

In Lab Today• Data/Excel Basics

– covering here• Checking In• First 15 pages of Lab Manual will be

on website (read before Thurs. class)

Measures of Instrument or Method Performance

• What is he talking about?• Example: method accuracy• Get class to come up with 7+ measures

Electronics• Topics Covering

– Basic DC Circuits (Ohm’s Law, Power Law, Kirchhoff’s Laws + applications)

– Alternating Currents, Other Waveforms, and Fourier Transformation (lecture only)

– RC Circuits– Diodes (lecture only)– Signal Digitization (lecture only)– Transducers (lecture only)– Noise

Electronics - Overview

• Generic Instrument Block Diagram

Analog Electronics

Transducer Analog Signal Processing

Digital Electronics

Analog to Digital Conversion Board

Memory Signal Display

Long-term Storage (Disk)Digital Signal

Processing

Exciter sample

Digital to Analog (control)

Electronics

From: David Zellmer, CSU Fresno

http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~davidz/Chem106/ModZoo/ModZoo.html

Example Block Diagram for an Atomic Emission Spectrometer

Electronics• Go to Board to Cover: Definitions, Ohm’s

Law, Power Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws