CheckPoint™

Number your paper from 1-7, write your name on it, and wait for further

instructions.

1. Identify the major leaders of the Constitutional Convention and explain what role they played [8.31]

2. Analyze the major issues debated during the Convention and how they were resolved [8.31]

3. Explain the ratification process [8.32]

4. Describe the conflict between Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the ratification debate [8.32]

1. At the Constitutional Convention, the Virginia Plan proposeda. That power must remain with the statesb. A unicameral legislature based on equal representationc. Two branches of government: legislative and executived. A bicameral legislature based on proportional representation

2. Convention delegates broke the deadlock between large and small states when they approveda. The Slave Trade Provisionb. The Three-Fifths Compromisec. The Virginia Pland. The Great Compromise

3. Some states, such as Virginia, refused to ratify the Constitution unless promises were made that a. An amendment be made that prohibited slaveryb. An amendment be made that included a Bill of Rightsc. The national capitol be built in the southd. A new national currency be adopted by the first congress

4. In the debate over ratification of the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists most feareda Disorder without a strong national governmentb A national sales taxc The establishment of a state [national] religiond Government oppression of individual rights and liberties

5. During the ratification debate, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wrote the Federalist Papers, a series of essays thata. Warned the people that their rights were going to be taken awayb. Expressed support for keeping the Articles of Confederationc. Explained and defended the new constitutiond. Protested the way in which the constitution came about

6. How many states were required to ratify the Constitution to make it the new law of the land?a. 13b. 9c. 7d. 12

7. According to the above quote, was George Mason a Federalist or Anti-Federalist and why?

“Under their own construction of the general clause at the end of the enumerated [listed] powers, the Congress may grant monopolies [protected right to business] in trade and commerce, constitute new crimes, inflict unusual and severe punishments, and extend their power as far as they shall think proper; so that the state legislatures have no security for the powers now presumed to remain with them, or the people for their rights. There is no declaration of any kind for preserving the liberty of the press, the trial by jury…, nor against the danger of standing armies in time of peace.”

- George Mason, 1787

CheckPoint™

TIME IS UP.Put away your pencils and get a red pen.

1. At the Constitutional Convention, the Virginia Plan proposeda. That power must remain with the statesb. A unicameral legislature based on equal representationc. Two branches of government: legislative and executived. A bicameral legislature based on proportional representation

2. Convention delegates broke the deadlock between large and small states when they approveda. The Slave Trade Provisionb. The Three-Fifths Compromisec. The Virginia Pland. The Great Compromise

3. Some states, such as Virginia, refused to ratify the Constitution unless promises were made that a. An amendment be made that prohibited slaveryb. An amendment be made that included a Bill of Rightsc. The national capitol be built in the southd. A new national currency be adopted by the first congress

4. In the debate over ratification of the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists most feareda Disorder without a strong national governmentb A national sales taxc The establishment of a state [national] religiond Government oppression of individual rights and liberties

5. During the ratification debate, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wrote the Federalist Papers, a series of essays thata. Warned the people that their rights were going to be taken awayb. Expressed support for keeping the Articles of Confederationc. Explained and defended the new constitutiond. Protested the way in which the constitution came about

6. How many states were required to ratify the Constitution to make it the new law of the land?a. 13b. 9c. 7d. 12

7. According to the above quote, was George Mason a Federalist or Anti-Federalist and why?

“Under their own construction of the general clause at the end of the enumerated [listed] powers, the Congress may grant monopolies [protected right to business] in trade and commerce, constitute new crimes, inflict unusual and severe punishments, and extend their power as far as they shall think proper; so that the state legislatures have no security for the powers now presumed to remain with them, or the people for their rights. There is no declaration of any kind for preserving the liberty of the press, the trial by jury…, nor against the danger of standing armies in time of peace.”

- George Mason, 1787

George Mason was an Anti-Federalist. He fears that the new government will have too much power and that there were no protections for the rights and liberties of the people.

How was the new US Constitution to be ratified?

1. Before the Constitution could go into effect, how many states had to ratify [approve]? __________________________

2. Which was the first state to ratify the US Constitution? ________________________

3. Though technically adopted as the law of land with the ratification by ________________________, the Constitution and the government it created could not have succeeded without the votes from these two largest states _____________________________________________________________________

4. Some states, such as Virginia, refused to ratify the Constitution unless promises were made that _____________________________________________

9

Delaware

New Hampshire

Virginia and New York

An amendment with a Bill of Rights be made.

Part 2 Describe the conflict between Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the ratification debate Federalists Position on Constitution: ______________________ Argument: ___________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Key Leader (s): ________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Anti-Federalists

Position on Constitution: ______________________ Argument: ___________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Key Leader (s): ________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

For ratification Against ratification

A new powerful federal government with shared powers

A powerful federal government would trample the rights of individuals

Washington, Adams, Madison, and Hamilton

Patrick Henry, George Mason, and Thomas Paine

The Constitution: Ratification Debate

TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Describe the conflict between Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the ratification debate by analyzing Federalist #10 and #51 [8.32]

Part 3 Who wrote the Federalist Papers and why?

1. ______________________, ____________________, and _____________________ wrote a series of essays _____________________ and ______________________ the Constitution during the states’ own ratification debate.

James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

explaining defending

What was the main argument of Federalist #10 Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction.... By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.... ….Extend the sphere and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens;… 1. According to Madison, what causes factions? ______________________________________________________ 2. Why would factions be dangerous? ______________________________________________________________ 3. How does Madison propose to ease the danger and influence of factions? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What principle of government is Madison arguing for (page 206)? _____________________________________

Impulse of passion or of interest

Could be imposed on all

The larger the area governed the more likely that opposing factions would cancel one another out Republicanism

What was the main argument of Federalist #51 In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others, for the emoluments annexed to their offices. Were the executive magistrate, or the judges, not independent of the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. 1. What does Madison mean by “ambition must be made to counter ambition”? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What two principles of government is he arguing for (page 209)? _______________________________________________________________________________________________

The human ambitions of one man would keep the ambitions of another in check and vise versa

Separation of Power and Check and Balances

The Constitution: Principles and Change

TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Describe the significance of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact in the relation to the development of government in America [8.28]

2. Describe the principles embedded in the Constitution [8.33] Popular sovereignty Federalism Separation of powers Checks and balances

INSTRUCTIONS: Read pages 194 - 195: European InfluencesRead pages 206 – 209: Our ConstitutionComplete Parts 1 and 2 on your OneSheets

ASSIGNMENT: What two European philosophers had the most impact on the US Constitution and why? Answers on half sheet due start

of class on Monday

Questions?