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Chartplotter

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A Chartplotter is a device used in marine navigation that integratesGPS data with an electronic navigational chart (ENC). The chartplotterdisplays the ENC along with the position, heading and speed of theship, and may display additional information from radar, automaticinformation systems (AIS) or other sensors. As appropriate to particularmarine applications, chartplotters may also display data from othersensors, such as echolocators/sonar.Electronic chartplotters always require a computer, or sometimesmultiple computers. It is a feature of the implementation, andsometimes of regulatory requirements, whether the computer is ageneral-purpose one that can run other applications, or must be

dedicated to the chartplotter application. Especially when thechartplotter generates three-dimensional displays, as used for fishing,considerable processing power and video memory can be needed.Recreational marine chartplotters are used for displaying chart data.Normally a chartplotter is also fed GPS input to compute an accurateposition of the vessel. These marine electronics devices arecontinuously evolving with larger screens, increased processing power,and multi-function capabilities that allow them to display data from aconnected radar, fish finder, weather receiver, or be coupled toanother marine chartplotter via a marine network. Reviews and reportson a number of modern chartplotters can be found at Marine

Electronics Reviews

Contents

[hide]

1 Electronic Charts

2 Human Interfaces

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3 Related Application

4 Curiosity

[edit] Electronic Charts

An individual electronic chart, or, more commonly, a database ofcharts, is the heart of a chartplotter. The chartplotter system can be nomore accurate than its charts. While there are different formats forelectronic charts, there are even more important quality and legalaspects.Without charts that are accredited by appropriate governmentalorganizations, a chartplotter is an example of an Electronic ChartingSystem (ECS). When the charts meet the technical requirements of theInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) and national hydrographicbodies, the chartplotter can qualify as an Electronic Chart Display andInformation System(ECDIS). ECDIS legally can be substituted for papercharts while navigating in active waterways, but vessels are requiredto maintain paper charts if their chartplotter does not use ECDIS.ECDIS will use IMO-standardized formats, but some chartplottersrequire specific data formats. A charter may use one or both types ofENC:

Raster Charts: The chart plotter displays a "picture" of a paper chart or map whichis referenced to geographic coordinates. A GPSposition can be displayed upon

the raster chart, but accuracy depends upon many factors including the type of

projection (eg. conic or mercator) used in the original chart, and the reference

system used (eg. NAD-27 or WGS-84).

Vector Charts: The chart plotter constructs a facsimile of a chart using raw data

from a data base. The major advantages are a reduction in the amount of data to

be stored, and the ability of the chart plotter to identify certain features (such aswater depth) and act upon them (eg. do not allow the ship to run aground)

[edit] Human Interfaces

A basic navigational display is common to all chartplotters. Dependingon intended use and characteristics of the specific chartplotter, they

may have options to present such displays as three-dimensional fish-finding and bottom characteristics useful in fishing. These optionaldisplays can be presented by commands to a single screen, causingthe main display to be replaced with the one requested. Alternatively,chartplotters may offer split-screen modes on a single physical screen,or may support multiple physical displays.

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They may be programmable to generate audible and visual alarms forconditions such as a potential collision, deviating significantly from theplanned course, etc.

[edit] Related Application

The principal function of a classic chartplotter is assisting a humanpilot to plot and follow a course.Safety-related Automatic identification systems (AIS), required on allpassenger vessels and vessels of 300 tons and over, also assist inpiloting, and can display on the chartplotter. AIS have collisionavoidance, and avoidance of known hazards such as reefs, as theirprimary function. AIS depend on cooperative data communicationsamong ships. Vessel traffic services (VTS) go even farther as safetysystems, being analogous to the proactive function of air traffic controlsystems. VTS assist vessel traffic control in routing vessels in busy

waters. Other vessel-based safety collision avoidance functions areAutomatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA), usually a component of theradar system or an accessory to it, and coupled with the radar systeminput to the chartplotter.

[edit] Curiosity

The first chartpotter has been made in Italy from an Italian firm"NAVIONICS" with the brand "GEONAV".Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) also involve automatic transmission

of position information to shore stations, but their purpose is more fortracking fishing vessels with respect to restricted and closed waters.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartplotter"

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