charless babbage
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• born: 12/26/1791
• son of a London banker
• Trinity College, Cambridge
• Lucasian Professorship
• Mathematician and Scientist
• 1822 plan for calculating and printing mathematical tables like they were used in the navy
• using the method of difference, based on polynomial functions
• 1822 design 6 decimal places with second-order difference
• 1830 engine with 20 decimal places and a sixth-order difference
• 1830 end of work on the difference engine because of a dispute with his chief engineer
• 1834 plans for an improved device, capable of calculating any mathematical function
• increase of calculating speed
• never completed
• separation of storage and calculation: • store• mill
• control of operations by microprogram:• control barrels
• user program control using punched cards• operations cards• variable cards• number cards
• more than 200 columns of gear trains and number wheels• 16 column register (store 2 numbers)• 50 register columns, with 40 decimal digits of precision• counting apparatus to keep track of repetitions • cycle time: 2.5 seconds to transfer a number from the store to a register in the
mill• addition: 3 seconds• conditional statements
• Ada Lady Lovelace, daughter of Lord Byron, was working with Babbage on the Analytical Engine• first ideas of
• algorithm representation • programming languages
• already realized:• program loops • conditional statements
• John von Neumann (1903 - 1957): universal computing machine consisting of:• memory • input / output • arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)• control unit
• based on Babbage‘s ideas• 95 % of modern computers are based on the von Neumann
architecture
• Howard Aiken (1900 – 1973) developed the ASCC computer (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator) • could carry out five operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and reference to previous results
• Aiken was much influenced by Babbage's writings • he saw the ASCC computer as completing the task which Babbage
had set out on but failed to complete
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