charles schroeder ems program manager nm ems bureau stre… · the cost of stress 80% of americans...
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Charles SchroederEMS Program Manager
NM EMS Bureau
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Objectives Understand the nature of stress, emotional and
psychological distress
Understand how it affects people and why
Help you to recognize the stressors in others
Help you develop personal healthy coping skills
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The Cost of Stress 80% of Americans die of stress related illness.
Quality of life Depression
Anxiety
Relationships Divorce
Domestic Violence
Child Abuse
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Cost Workplace
Injury
Sick time
Disability
Forced Termination
Substance Abuse
Incarceration
Suicide
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Stress is a nonspecific response of the mind and body to any demand.
• Stress is the adaptive reaction of the mind and body to survive and thrive
• Stress is a physiological response to a stressor
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Stress Types
Eustress – good stress (marriage, relocation, new job)
Distress – bad stress (loss of employment, financial difficulty, illness, death)
The difference may be nothing more than our perception.
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Some factors that affect Stress
Personality / Temperament
Context
Experience
Perception
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Responder personalities
D – Dominant, Driven, Doer (Change the world)
I – Influencer, Effervescent (Have fun)
S- Steady, Relaxed (Don’t rock the boat)
C- Contentious, Detailed (Do it right)
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Context
Training
Roles
Positions
Responsibilities
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Experience
Life Experience
Specific Experiences
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Perception
A person’s perception is their reality.
Perception of the event or the meaning attached to it.
Situation or environment of the event
Perception of personal and other resources to deal with it.
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Forms of Distress
Fear, anxiety or frustration
Critical Incident Stress
Chronic
Grief and Loss
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Critical Incident
A Critical Incident-is defined as an event that has the potential to overwhelm one’s usual coping mechanisms resulting in psychological distress and impairment of normal adaptive functioning.
Examples:
Things that cause us to be seriously injured or in fear of losing our life.
Events that cause carnage, mass destruction and/or mass casualties.
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Chronic Stress Constant stress due to constant stressors.
Could be the same stressors
Could be different ones
Domino stress
Stress can begat stress
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Grief and Loss
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Intrusive Memories
Persistent Avoidance
Nightmares
Persistent Arousal (hypervigilance)
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Human Stress Response
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Fight, Flight or Freeze
When faced with such a stressor the mind and body galvanize for action in order to survive.
Reactions:
Physical
Cognitive
Emotional
Behavioral
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Human Stress Response
In extreme situations the mind and body will eliminate anything that could be a hindrance to survival.
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Timing of Response Immediate stress response
Delayed stress response
Cumulative stress response
Triggers
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Recognizing the Signs of Distress Behavioral
Cognitive
Emotional
Physical
Religious/Spiritual
All signs are based upon deviation from an individual’s norm.
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Behavioral Withdrawal
Restless
Pacing
Immoral/Unethical Behavior
Alcohol/Drug Abuse
Speech Patterns
Appetite
Sexual Behavior
Sleep patterns
Pornography
Gambling
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Cognitive Confusion
Nightmares
Intrusive Images
Hypervigilance
Suspiciousness
Blaming
Poor Problem Solving
Disorientation
Difficulty identifying People and objects
Poor Concentration
Poor Memory
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Emotional Fear
Guilt
Grief
Panic
Denial
Anxiety
Agitation
Irritability
Depression
Intense Anger
Emotional Shock
Feeling Overwhelmed
Inappropriate emotional response
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Physical Chills
Thirst
Fatigue
Nausea
Fainting
Twitches
Vomiting
Dizziness
Weakness
Chest Pain
Headaches
Elevated BP
Rapid Heart Rate
Muscle spasms
Shock
Visual difficulties
Difficulty Breathing
Profuse Sweating
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Spiritual / Religious Loss of meaning in life
Anger and resentment toward a higher being
Change in personality
Paranoia
Inability to pray
Withdrawal and cutting off social ties
Callousness
Burn-out
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Working with Survivors
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Responders Emotional Impact on Survivors
Emergency Service personnel need a working knowledge of the effects of severe stress on the average person; they can underestimate their critical role in managing crisis.
The assistance provided emergency services personnel has deep and lasting effects upon the victims.
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During an emotional crisis everything said, heard, felt, smelled and seen is permanently imprinted for the rest of a person’s life.
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Crisis Response of Survivors
The survivor’s response maybe highly emotional and they aren’t thinking clearly.
In fact, they may be become so overwhelmed emotionally that they are incapable of rational thought.
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When two worlds collide
The Responder’s cognitive response to the crisis.
VS.
The Survivor’s emotional response to the crisis
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Coping
Adaptive / constructive coping – stress levels decline
Maladaptive coping – stress levels increase
You can deal with the symptoms or deal with the underlying cause of the symptoms.
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How can we fix it?
Stress Resistance
Stress Resiliency
Stress Recovery
Reducing stressors in our life
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Reducing StressWe cannot eliminate stress, but we can reduce it
Deal with problems as they occur
Don’t indulge in things that add to stress
Monitor relationships
Draw boundaries
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Stress Resistance Take personal responsibility and control
Lifestyle choices
Build social support
Have a sense of humor
Knowledge of stress and stressors
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Take personal responsibility and control Acknowledge there is a problem and that the problem is
yours
Analyze what the problem is
Don’t postpone it or avoid it
Don’t be afraid to ask for help in problem solving
Develop a plan
Take control
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Lifestyle Choices
Self esteem
Care of the body
Care of the mind
Learn to relax
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Build a Social Support Network
Having someone you look forward to seeing
Validation
Allowing certain people to tell you the truth
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Things you can do: Spend quality time with friends and family
Keep things in perspective
Don’t over think or dwell on it
Don’t make any major life decisions
Laugh
Religion
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More things:
Physical Exercise
Take time to relax
Talk to a trusted confidant
Do things that make you feel good
Give yourself time and permission to feel rotten
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Stress Recovery - Family Make family, not your job – priority
Talk to your family
Spend time with them
Do some fun things
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Quality Care – When you need it
Competence, Confidence, Compassion
Counselors
EAP Providers
Critical Incident Stress Teams
Peer Support Teams
Chaplains
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Getting to a “New Normal”
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Charles Schroeder, NMDOH
EMS Program Manager, CST Coordinator
Phone: (505)476-8246
E-mail: [email protected]
Santa Fe Control: 505-827-9384