charles’ law t v in real life a football inflated inside and then taken outdoors on a winter day...
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Charles’ LawT V
In Real Life• A football inflated inside
and then taken outdoors on a winter day shrinks slightly.
• A slightly underinflated rubber life raft left in bright sunlight swells up.
Boyle’s LawP V
In Real Life• The bubbles exhaled by a
scuba diver grow as the approach the surface of the ocean.
• Deep sea fish die when brought to the surface.
Gay-Lussac’s LawP T
In Real Life• Gun powder heated
behind a bullet causes pressure to build up and fire.
• Bad things happen if you leave an aerosol can in your car on a hot day.
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Boyle’s Law
When pressure increases, volume
decreases. Let’s think about the math.
P1V1 V2=P2
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Boyle’s Law
As pressure increases…
P1V1 V2=P2P2V2
Volume decreases!
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Boyle’s Law
P1V1 V2=P2
As pressure increases…
Volume decreases!
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Boyle’s Law
P1V1 V2=P2
3 4 4=3* *
3 4 ?=2* *
What if we change P2 to 2? What happens to V2?
6
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Boyle’s Law Example: A tank of nitrogen has a volume of 14.0 L and a pressure of 760.0 mmHg. Find the volume of the nitrogen when its pressure is changed to 400.0 mmHg.
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Charles’ Law
When temperature increases, volume
increases. Let’s think about the math.
T1
V1 V2=T2
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Charles’ Law
When the top of the fraction on the right
side increases, the bottom must also.
1
1 2= 2 3
3 4=
4=
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Charles’ Law
When temperature increases…
T1
V1 V2=T2T2
Volume ALSO increases!
V2
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Charles’ Law Example: Find the final temperature of a 2000.00 mL gas sample at 20.00C cooled until it occupies a volume of 500 mL.
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If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, a volume of 23 liters and a temperature of 200oK, and then I raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300oK, what is the new volume of gas?
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Combined Gas Law
Sometimes we need to account for more than one change…
T1
P1V1 P2V
2=T2
Enter, the combined gas law!
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Combined Gas Law: If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, a volume of 23 liters and a temperature of 200oK, and then I raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300oK, what is the new volume of gas?
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500.0 liters of a gas are prepared at 1.00atm and 200.0 °C. The gas is placed into a tank under high pressure. When the tank cools to 20.0 °C, the pressure of the gas is 30.0 atm. What is the volume of the gas?