charity i. mulig
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Charity I. Mulig. Definition. A glacier is a thick mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow and shows evidence of past or present flow . Types of Glaciers . Valley / Alpine Glaciers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Charity I. Mulig
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DefinitionA glacier is a thick
mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow and shows evidence of past or present flow
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Types of Glaciers
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Valley/Alpine Glaciers
• Ice masses that slowly advance down mountain valleys originally occupied by streams.
• A stream of ice that flows between steep rock walls from near the top of the mountain valley.
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Ice Sheets/Continental Glaciers
• A stream of ice that flows between steep rock walls from near the top of the mountain valley.
• Ice sheets are sometimes called continental ice
sheets because they cover large regions where the climate is extremely cold.
• They are huge compared to valley glaciers.• They currently cover Greenland and Antarctica.
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Currently continental ice sheets cover Greenland and Antarctica
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Glacial Movement
1. Plastic flowinvolves movement within the ice
2. Basal slipslipping and sliding downward due to gravity
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The glacial budget is the balance, or lack of balance, between accumulation at the upper end of a glacier and loss, or wastage, at the lower end.
Glacial Budget
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Calving &
Iceberg
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How Glaciers Erode
• Plucking–lifting of rock blocks
• Abrasion–Rock flour (pulverized rock) –Striations (grooves in the bedrock)
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Glacial Erosional
Landforms
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Glaciated Valleys
A glacial trough is a U-shaped valley that was once V-shaped but was deepen by a glacier.
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cirque a bowl-shaped depression at the head of a glacial valley.
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Arêtes and Horns- Snaking, sharp-
edged ridges and sharp pyramid-like peaks which project above mountain landscapes.
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Glacial Deposits (Glacial drift)1. Till is
material deposited directly by the glacier.
2. Stratified drift is sediment laid down by glacial meltwater.
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Glacial Depositional Features
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• Moraineslayers or ridges of till– Lateral– Medial– End– Terminal end– Recessional end– Ground
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Outwash Plainssloping plains consisting of deposits from meltwater streams in front of the margin of an ice sheet
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Kettlesdepressions created when a block of ice becomes lodged in glacial deposits and subsequently melts
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Drumlinsstreamlined,
asymmetrical hills composed of glacial dirt
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Eskersridges composed largely of sand and gravel deposited by a stream flowing beneath a glacier near its terminus
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fjord a glacial valley that has been invaded by the sea. "Fjord" is a Norwegian word.
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Extent of the
Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet
s