UJI KOMPETENSI – II BIOLOGI MOLEKULAR – BT 1024 FAKULTAS BIOTEKNOLOGI UKDWWAKTU: 120 MENIT

1. Label each structure on the cell diagrams below:

A C EB D F

2. Label each structure on the cell diagrams below:

1

A

B

C

D

E

F

A

BC

D

E

F

A C EB D F

3. Which of the following is not a fundamental idea of cell theory?a. All organisms contain prokaryotic cells c. Cells are the basic unit of structure for all livingb. Cells arise only from previously existing cells d. All living organisms are composed of one or

more cells.

4. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they woulda. be smaller. b. have a smaller nucleus. c. lack a plasma membrane. d. have fewer internal membranous compartments. e. have a greater variety of organelles.

5. You are a scientist studying two very different species of bacteria. Species 1 is gram negative bacteria and species 2 is gram positive bacteria. Which of the following would you expect?a. Species 1 produce the red color after gram staining and observation using a microscopeb. Species 2 produce the purple color after gram staining and observation using a microscopec. Species 1 will produce more lypopolysaccharide.d. Both a and b are true

6. The basic structure of a virus:a. Nucleus surrounded by a cell membrane and organellesb. Core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coatc. Just an envelope of DNA, nothing elsed. Fast-moving cell with hair-like projectionsa. Nucleus surrounded by a cell membrane and organelles

7. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes c. the presence or absence of ribosomes d. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism e. whether or not the cell contains DNA

8. Which of the following is NOT an example of a eukaryotic cell?a. Paramecium c. Amoebab. Bacteria d. Onion root cell

9. Which of the following statements is true?a. Prokaryotic cells are too small to see with a microscope.b. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organellesc. Eukaryotic cells never reproduce sexually.d. Plant cells never reproduce sexually

10. To calculate total magnification, you musta. multiply the power of the ocular lens by the objective lens in useb. multiply the two smallest object lensesc. divide the ocular lens power by the objective lensd. divide the objective lens by the ocular lens power

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11. What did Robert Hooke use to study this organism?

a. light microscope c. cork chamberb. electron microscope d. DNA analysis

12. What is one significant disadvantage of scanning and transmission electron microscopes?a. cells cannot absorb electrons c. cells die when prepared for viewingb. not as powerful as light microscopes d. cannot observe plant cells

13. The stage of the cell cycle where each chromosome is composed of two chromatids in preparation for mitosis. a. G1 c. Mb. S d. G2

14. Which sequence of the cell cycle is common to eukaryotes? a. G1 to G2 to S to M to cytokinesis c. G1 to S to M to G2 to cytokinesisb. G1 to M to G2 to S to cytokinesis d. G1 to S to G2 to M to cytokinesis

15. The stage of the cell cycle where the cell is preparing to begin DNA replication is called:a. G1 c. Sb. G2 d. M

16. The proteins which complex with DNA producing the "beads on a string" or nucleosomes are called: a. kinases c. spindle fibersb. proteases d. histones

17. Which of the following features of cell division are very different for animal and plant cells? a. prophase c. anaphaseb. metaphase d. cytokinesis

18. Prior to cell division, each chromosome replicates or duplicates its genetic material. The products are connected by a centromere and are called: a. sister chromosomes c. sex chromosomesb. homologous chromosomes d. sister chromatids

19. The first stage of mitosis when chromosomes start becoming visible in the microscope is called: a. anaphase c. telophaseb. prophase d. metaphase

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20. Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitosis? a. A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei.b. The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus.c. The centromeres divide at the onset of anaphase.d. Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase.

21. The chromosomes shown in figure are in which stage of mitosis?

a. anaphase c. prophaseb. metaphase d. telophase

22. By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except _____.a. lining up of chromosomes in the cellb. disappearing of the nucleolusc. breaking down of the nuclear enveloped. tighter coiling of the chromosomes

23. The cell's plasma membrane functions to...a. produce plasma for the cell c. regulate the movement of material into and out

of the cellb. protect the cell from osmotic pressure d. extract ATP energy from food

24. Which structure is represented by letter X on the diagram below?

a. Ribosome c. Phospholipidb. Protein d. Cell wall

25. Which organelle of the endomembrane system is involved in protein synthesis?a. rough endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatusb. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. vacuole

26. The role of ribosomes is to build…a. lipids c. proteinsb. nucleic acids d. new cells

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27. A centriole is an organelle that is:a. present in the center of a cell's cytoplasm c. surrounded by a membraneb. composed of microtubules and important for organizing the spindle fibers

d. part of a chromosome

28. What do centrioles do?a. Help cells divide during cytokinesis c. Transport cell wasteb. Create cell energy d. Photosynthesis

29. Which structure is the cell control center?

a. G c. Ib. M d. A

30. Which statement below best describes the function of the nucleus?a. Stores cells wastes and destructive enzymesb. contains hereditary information and controls most of the cell’s processesc. directs cell division in animal cellsd. controls water pressure and stores wastes

31. This structure gives a cell shape, allows it to move, and moves organelles.a. cytosol c. cytoplasmb. cytoskeleton d. plasma membrane

32. Which organelles are responsible for digesting cell waste and foreign bacteria?a. golgi apparatus c. nucleusb. cytoskeleton d. lysosome

33. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?a. mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis d. lysosome . . . movementb. nucleus . . . cellular respiration e. central vacuole . . . storagec. ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids

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34. The process illustrated below occurs in the:

a. Lysosome c. Chloroplast b. Mitochondria d. Nucelus

35. Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances needed by the cell?a. lysosome, vacuole, ribosome d. smooth ER, ribosome, vacuoleb. ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER e. rough ER, lysosome, vacuolec. vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER

36. Which of the following statements is true about mitochondria?a. They provide cellular respiration in plant cellsb. They provide cellular respiration in animal cellsc. They provide photosynthesis in plantsd. They provide cellular respiration in both animal and plant cells.

37. Which is the correct order of enzyme synthesis, from start to finish? (proteinbuilding)a. Golgi apparatus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleusb. Nucleus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatusc. Ribosome, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleusd. None of the above.

38. A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based on this information, it could not bea. a cell from a pine tree. d. a bacterium.b. a grasshopper cell. e. Actually, it could be any of the above.c. a yeast (fungus) cell.

39. Observe the structure of this mitochondrion. Why is its inner membrane crucial for cell functioning?

a. provides a large surface area c. provides inflexible barrier on cell surfaceb. keeps sunlight from damaging cell d. promotes photosynthesis

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40. The semifluid environment inside the plasma membrane is called ____.a. endoplastic reticulum c. cytoplasmb. microtubules d. mitochondria

41. These pathways represent:

a. photosynthesis c. aerobic respirationb. the Kreb’s cycle d. anaerobic respiration

42. Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.a. polypeptide . . . monomers d. protein . . . amino acidsb. carbohydrate . . . fatty acids e. lipid . . . triglyceridesc. polymer . . . glucose molecules

43. The four main categories of macromolecules in a cell area. proteins, DNA, RNA, and steroids. b. monosaccharides, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. c. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. d. nucleic acids, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, and proteins. e. RNA, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.

44. In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____ .a. a polymer breaks up to form monomers . . . consumed b. a monomer breaks up to form polymers . . . produced c. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer . . . consumed d. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer . . . produced e. a polymer breaks up to form monomers . . . produced

45. The characteristic that all lipids have in common isa. they are all made of fatty acids and glycerol. b. they all contain nitrogen. c. none of them is very high in energy content. d. they are all acidic when mixed with water. e. none of them dissolves in water.

46. A glucose molecule is to starch asa. a steroid is to a lipid. d. a fat is to glycerol.b. an amino acid is to a protein. e. an amino acid is to a nucleic acid.c. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide.

47. Which of the following ranks the molecules in the correct order by size?a. water . . . sucrose . . . glucose . . . protein b. protein . . . water . . . glucose . . . sucrose c. water . . . protein . . . sucrose . . . glucose d. protein . . . sucrose . . . glucose . . . water e. glucose . . . water . . . sucrose . . . protein

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48. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is important for cell metabolism because it…a. Provides chemical energy in an easily used form.b. Stores the energy released from aerobic and anerobic pathwaysc. Store potential energy from large organic molecules, like glucose.d. All of the above

49. Which of the following are output products of aerobic respiration?a. Oxygen and water c. Oxygen and ATPb. Carbon dioxide and water d. Carbon dioxide and glucose

50. You are a scientist studying two very different species of bacteria. Species 1 is aerobic and species 2 is anaerobic. Which of the following would you expect?a. Species 1 will produce carbon dioxide and water as end products.b. Species 2 will produce carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol as end products.c. Species 2 will produce more ATP than species 1.d. Both a and b are truee. All of the above.

51. The cycle below is important to living organisms because it represents:

a. a metabolic cycle that does not require enzymesb. the conversion of potential energy in large organic molecules into a form easy for cells to usec. A non reversible process producing constant energy for the celld. A transformation of ADP to protein molecules cells can use for energy.

52. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between _____.a. adenine and a phosphate group c. two phosphate groupsb. ribose and a phosphate group d. adenine and ribose

53. Which of the following is not a part of adenosine diphosphate?a. adenine c. glucoseb. two phosphate groups d. ribose

54. The main energy-trapping molecule in plants is _____.a. carotenoids c. chloroplastb. chlorophyll d. stroma

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