characterization of artemia from qinghai-tibet plateau salt lakes
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Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes. LIYING S UI Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China G ILBERT VAN STAPPEN Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium NAIHONG XIN Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Characterization of Artemia from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Salt Lakes
LIYING SUI Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR China
GILBERT VAN STAPPEN
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, BelgiumNAIHONG XIN
Salt Research Institute, Tanggu, PR ChinaPATRICK SORGELOOS
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Xinjiang
Qinghai
Tibet(Xizang)
Geographical location of Qinghai-Tibet plateau
Inner Mongolia
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Satellite view of Qinghai-Tibet plateau
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Artemia habitats on Qinghai-Tibet plateau
Artemia habitats :
• pH 7.5-9.6• sulfate or carbonate• high contents in B, Li, Cs, Rb, As…• 4300-4900 m.a.s.l.• « semi-arid subfrigid zone »• average annual air temperature : -5 to +1°C• maximum temperature : + 21.7 to + 27.6°C• minimum temperature : - 39.0 to –26.0°C• salinity: highly variable
Chagcam Caka 250 pptNau Co 215.5 pptOma Co 7.0 pptJibu Caka 82.7 pptDong Co 114.3 pptBangkog Co 49.0 pptLagkor Co 59.8 ppt
(Zheng Mianping, 1997. An introduction to saline lakes
on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Kluwer))
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
• lake frozen December-March; hatching late April-early June;• ovoviviparous reproduction May-September• oviparous reproduction September-October
• dark chorion colour• cyst ø : 264.5 µm• naupliar length : 607.7 µm• adult length : 7.0-12.0 mm• 20:5ω3 > 18 (area %)
(Liu Junying et al., 1998. Artemia in Lagkor Lake of Tibet, Journal of Lake Sciences)
Artemia population of Lagkor Co
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Bong Co
Artemia samples available at ARC
Lagkor Co
Bozi Co
Jingyu L.Haiyan L.
Co Qen
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Topographical and climatological data
Lagkor Co Bong Co Bozi Co Co Qen Jingyu L. Haiyan L.
province Tibet Tibet Tibet Tibet Xinjiang Qinghaielevation (m) 4490 4664 4663 ? 4720 ?area (km²) 92 140 25 ? 300 ?ionic comp. carbonate ? ? Na sulphate Mg sulphate ?avg. annual air temp. +1.6°C min./max. temp. -26/+24°C salinity (ppt) 59.8 pH 8.8
• Zheng Mianping, 1997• Salt Research Institute
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Lake samplingyear
cyst ø(µm)
chorion thickness
(µm)
instar I length(µm)
Lagkor CoBong CoBozi CoJingyuHaiyanCo Qen
199619991999200120012001
287.8295.7284.5320.0291.2312.1
5.73.63.8
13.313.311.2
590.5569.8
-607.1540.2558.3
Biometrics of Tibet Artemia strains
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid analysisFAME (mg/g)
Lagkor Co Bozi Co Bong Co Co Qen Jingyu Haiyan GSL SFB
18:2(-6)t18:2(-6)c(linoleic)
18:3(-3)(linolenic)
20:4(-6)(arachidonic)
20:5(-3)(EPA)
22:6(-3)(DHA)
(-3)(-6)
0.85.4
7.5
7.4
43.0
0.7
45.015.5
0.64.5
0.5
3.1
21.6
0.6
23.29.0
0.65.7
0.2
2.1
29.4
0.5
31.28.8
0.56.6
4.4
2.5
30.7
1.1
33.19.9
0.55.9
4.9
4.4
42.7
0.9
45.011.2
0.55.7
12.1
1.8
31.7
0.3
33.88.3
0.38.7
34.9
1.4
3.0
0.2
4.712.0
0.16.2
4.2
2.7
14.5
0.4
15.49.7
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Thermal tolerance and heat shock proteins in encysted embryos of Artemia from widely different thermal habitats Clegg et al., 2001. Hydrobiologia, 466(1-3): 221-229
Cyst hatching as response to heating regime (22 50°C over 40 min.)H %
minutes at 50°C(after 22 to 50°C)
0
20
40
60
80
100
control 0 15 30 60 80
SFB
Whale Lake
Co Qen
Vinh Chau
Lagkor C
SFBJingyuCo QenVietnamLagkor Co
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 110 124 144
Bong Co
Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : temperature
4 temperatures (10-28°C)28°C = ‘100 %’ hatching
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 110 144
Jingyun
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 120 144
10152128
H %
SFB
hr hatching incubation
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : temperature
4 temperatures (10-28°C)28°C = ‘100 %’ hatching
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 110 144
Tibet A
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 110 144
Haiyan
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 48 72 96 110 144
10152128
Co Qen
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
Hatching preferences : ‘natural’ medium vs. D&Kion Lagkor Co medium Dietrich & Kalle
g/l % g/l %
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cl-
SO42-
CO32-
HCO3-
BO33-
salinity (ppt)pH
15.462.650.080.79
13.5119.391.202.932.48
58.5 9.0
26.434.530.141.40
23.1033.152.055.014.24
18.130.640.672.16
32.034.48
-0.51
-
58.58.3
30.970.831.143.69
54.767.66
-0.87
-
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
14015DK35DK80DK15LC35LC80LC
Hatching preferences of Tibet Artemia : ‘natural’ medium vs. D&K3 salinities: 15, 35, 80 ppt28°C/ 35 ppt D&K = ‘100 %’ hatching
H %
24 48 72 hr hatching incubation
Lagkor Co (‘C’)
24 48 72
GSL
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China
• Larger cysts diameter and nauplii /adults length • high(er) tolerance of Tibet populations to low temperatures• reduced performance in natural seawater
Conclusions
aquaculture perspectives :• contra : big cysts/reduced performance in natural seawater or
at higher temperatures• pro : high HUFA pattern
Further study: • Cross breeding (? A. Tibetiana)presence of parthenogenetic individuals : contamination or mixed population ?• Genetic aspect: DNA fingerprint
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium; Salt Research Institute, PR China