characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
DESCRIPTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. CHAPTER 4. Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan. Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
CHAPTER 4
2
Cellular Characteristics Prokaryotes binary fission no nucleus/nucleoid no organelles no introns genes arranged as operons cell wall of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotes mitosis/meiosis nucleus histones organelles introns cell wall of chitin or cellulose or absent 80s rRNA
3
Prokaryotic Cells Sizes
Shapes
Arrangement
4
Typical Prokaryotic Cell
Fig. 4-16ab
Gram–positive
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Gram–negative
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic membrane
Periplasm
Outer membrane(Iipopolysaccharide and protein)
6
Gram Positive Cell Wall Gram positive
Fig. 4-16c
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmicmembrane
TEM of bacterium
8
Gram Negative Cell Wall Gram negative
Fig. 4-16Gram–positive
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Membrane
Gram–negative
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic membranePeriplasm
Outer membrane(Iipopolysaccharide and protein)
Outer membrane
Cytoplasmicmembrane
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmicmembrane
PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan
Fig. 4-23
O–polysaccharide
Outermembrane
Cellwall
Periplasm
Cytoplasmicmembrane
Corepolysaccharide
Lipid A Protein Out
Lipopoly-saccharide(LPS)
8 nm
Porin
Phospholipid
Lipoprotein
In
Peptidoglycan
11
Acid Fast Cell Wall
Acid Fast
Wall deficient
Lipid layer penetrated by hydrophobic carbol fuchsin
12
Cell Structures — Membrane
Plasma membrane
13
Cell Structures — Membrane
14
Internal Cell Structures
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nuclear region
15
Inclusions
Internal Membranes
16
Endospores
17
Fig. 4-38
Fig. 4-39
Vegetative cell
Developing spore
Sporulating cell
Mature spore
Ger
min
atio
n
Fig. 4-41
Exosporium
Spore coat
Core wall
Cortex
DNA
20
Cell Structures — External
Flagellae
Fig. 4-4714 nm
Filament
Flagellin
Outermembrane(LPS)
Hook
L Ring
P Ring
Rod
Periplasm
MS Ring Basalbody
C Ring
Cytoplasmicmembrane Mot
protein
Fli proteins(motor switch)
45 nm
Motprotein
Peptidoglycan
Rod
MS Ring
C Ring
Motprotein
L P
MS
22
Cell Structures — Axial filaments Axial Filaments
23
Cell Structures — Attachment
Pili
Fimbriae
24
Cell Structures — Glycocalyx
Capsule
Slime Layer
25
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
26
Eukaryotic Cells Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
27
Eukaryotic Organelles — Mt Mitochondria
28
Eukaryotic Organelles — Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
29
Eukaryotic Organelles
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
30
Eukaryotic Organelles
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
31
Cytoskeleton and Motility Cytoskeleton Flagellae
32
Motility — Cilia
Cilia
33
Motility — Cilia
Cilia
34
Motility — Cilia
Cilia
35
Motility — Pseudopods
Pseudopodia
36
Cell Walls
Fungal cell wall (chitin) Plant cell wall(cellulose)
37
Endosymbiotic Theory
38
Endosymbiosis
39
Movement Across Membranes
Diffusion
40
Osmosis
Water movement
41
Active Transport
Active transport
42
Endo/Exocytosis