characteristic radiation in tungsten targets shel l # of electrons binding energy l char m char n...

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Page 1: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 2: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 3: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 4: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 5: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 6: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 7: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 8: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 9: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 10: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets

Shell

# of electrons

Binding

energyL

Char

M

Char

N

Char

O

Char

P

Char

Eff

X-ray

Energy

K 2 69 57.4 66.7 68.9 69.4 69.5 69

L 8 12 9.3 11.5 12 12.1 12

M 18 3 2.2 2.7 2.8 3

N 32 1 0.52 0.6 0.6

O 12 0.1 0.08 0.1

P 2

Page 11: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 12: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

• In a tungsten target, at any kVp less than 69.5 all x-rays are Brems.

• At 100 kVp, 85% of photons are Brems and 15% are characteristic

• Only 15 different energy levels are possible with characteristic production in tungsten tube.

Page 13: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 14: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 15: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 16: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 17: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 18: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 19: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 20: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy
Page 21: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

Lecture 5: Patient Dose Management

21

determine energy of electrons energy of X-ray photons

determine number of electrons number of X ray photons

Page 22: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

Lecture 5: Patient Dose Management

22

X-ray tube

Photons entering the human body will either penetrate, be absorbed, or produce scattered radiation

Page 23: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

Lecture 5: Patient Dose Management

23

Image Contrast

No object image is generated

Object image is generated

Object silhouettewith no internaldetails

Page 24: Characteristic Radiation in Tungsten Targets Shel l # of electrons Binding energy L Char M Char N Char O Char P Char Eff X-ray Energy

Where do X-rays come from ?

Nucleus

Electrons

Atom of the target element Characteristic X-ray

Bremsstrahlung