CharacteristicCharacteristic&&

Non-Characteristic Non-Characteristic PropertiesProperties

What are What are “Characteristics”“Characteristics”

Question: What do we mean when we Question: What do we mean when we talk about the characteristics of talk about the characteristics of something or somebody?something or somebody?

Characteristic PropertiesCharacteristic Properties

A A characteristic propertycharacteristic property is a physical or is a physical or chemical property that is unique to a chemical property that is unique to a particular substance. It can be used to particular substance. It can be used to identify a substance.identify a substance.

Characteristic Properties Characteristic Properties ExamplesExamples

Density: Density: The amount of matter in an The amount of matter in an object, which is calculated by divided the object, which is calculated by divided the mass by the volumemass by the volume

Magnetism: Magnetism: The force of attraction The force of attraction between a magnet and a magnetic objectbetween a magnet and a magnetic object

Characteristic Properties Characteristic Properties Examples (cont.)Examples (cont.)

Solubility: Solubility: A measure of how well a A measure of how well a substance can dissolve in another substance can dissolve in another substance. substance. The The Solute:Solute: the substance that is dissolved the substance that is dissolved The The Solvent: Solvent: the substance that the solute the substance that the solute

dissolvesdissolves The The Solution: Solution: the result of mixing a solute the result of mixing a solute

and a solventand a solvent

Characteristic Properties Characteristic Properties Examples (cont.)Examples (cont.)

Melting Point: Melting Point: The temperature at which The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a a substance changes from a solid to a liquidliquid

Boiling Point: Boiling Point: The temperature at which a The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas substance changes from a liquid to a gas

Non-Characteristic Non-Characteristic PropertiesProperties

A A non-characteristic propertynon-characteristic property is a is a physical or chemical property that is not physical or chemical property that is not unique to one particular substance. It unique to one particular substance. It could be used to describe many could be used to describe many substances substances

Non-Characteristic Non-Characteristic Properties ExamplesProperties Examples

TemperatureTemperature MassMass ShapeShape ColourColour

Example: The English OakExample: The English Oak

Density = 720 kg/mDensity = 720 kg/m33

Light yellow to Light yellow to Medium brown in Medium brown in colourcolour

25-30 m tall25-30 m tall

Characteristic Property

Non-Characteristic Property

Non-Characteristic Property

TemperatureTemperature

In science temperature is measured in In science temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (degrees Celsius (°C) or sometimes in °C) or sometimes in degrees Kelvin (K)degrees Kelvin (K)

To measure temperature we use a To measure temperature we use a thermometerthermometer

Important TemperaturesImportant Temperatures

Freezing Point of Water: 0Freezing Point of Water: 0°C°C Liquid water will freeze to solid ice at 0Liquid water will freeze to solid ice at 0°C°C

Melting Point of Ice: 0Melting Point of Ice: 0°C°C Solid ice will melt to liquid water at Solid ice will melt to liquid water at 00°C°C

Boiling Point of Water: 100Boiling Point of Water: 100°C°C Liquid water will change into a gas at 100Liquid water will change into a gas at 100°C°C

These are all examples of These are all examples of Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical Properties and ChangesProperties and Changes

Physical Properties: Physical Properties: These can be observed or measured These can be observed or measured without changing the make-up of the without changing the make-up of the matter of the object. matter of the object.

These properties can be used to describe These properties can be used to describe the object.the object.

Physical Properties Include:Physical Properties Include:

Appearanceppearance TextureTexture ColorColor OdorOdor

Melting point Boiling point Density Solubility

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Physical Changes: Physical Changes: These are changes These are changes that relate to the physical properties. that relate to the physical properties.

There is no change to the chemical There is no change to the chemical make-up during a physical change. make-up during a physical change.

Examples of Physical Examples of Physical ChangesChanges

Ice melting Ice melting Clay being modeled into a new shape Clay being modeled into a new shape Butter melting on toast Butter melting on toast Paper is cut in half Paper is cut in half Water evaporates from the surface of the Water evaporates from the surface of the

ocean ocean A beach ball deflates A beach ball deflates

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Chemical Property:Chemical Property:

A chemical property becomes evident A chemical property becomes evident during a chemical reaction. during a chemical reaction.

This is because it only becomes apparent This is because it only becomes apparent when the object is chemically changed. when the object is chemically changed.

A chemical property cannot be A chemical property cannot be determined by simply viewing or touching determined by simply viewing or touching the object the object

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

Chemical changes: Chemical changes: These are changes These are changes that change the substance or object into that change the substance or object into something different or new. These something different or new. These changes are also irreversible.changes are also irreversible.

Examples of Chemical Examples of Chemical ChangesChanges

Explosion of fireworks Explosion of fireworks Nail rusts Nail rusts Bread becomes toast Bread becomes toast Milk goes sour Milk goes sour You digest foodYou digest food Paper on firePaper on fire

The 5 Signs of a Chemical The 5 Signs of a Chemical ChangeChange

A chemical change has happened ifA chemical change has happened if 1) A gas or solid (precipitate) is produced1) A gas or solid (precipitate) is produced 2) There is a colour change2) There is a colour change 3) Heat is created or absorbed3) Heat is created or absorbed 4) A light is given off4) A light is given off 5) An odour is produced 5) An odour is produced