characterisation of a dominant negative androgen receptor ......the composition and construction of...

Characterisation of a Dominant Negative Androgen Receptor in

Prostate Cancer Cells

A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide in total fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

by

MARGARET MARY CENTENERA B.HSc., B.Sc. (Hons)

Department of Physiology,

The University of Adelaide

Adelaide, South Australia

April 2008

Appendix 1 – Plasmid Constructs Page 183

Appendix 1 – Plasmid Constructs

The composition and construction of plasmids used throughout this thesis is described and

illustrated in the following pages. The point mutations introduced into pCMV-AR3.1 and/or

pCMV-ARi410 is illustrated below.

Appendix 1 - Plasmid Constructs Page 184

Probasin-ARR3-tk-luciferase contains three copies of the androgen responsive minimal rat

probasin promoter sequence linked in tandem in front of the thymidine kinase enhancer

element and firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase reporter gene of the pGL3-basic expression

vector.


pGL3-PSA540-luciferase contains the androgen responsive promoter of the human PSA gene

in front of the firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase reporter gene of the pGL3-basic expression

vector.


MMTV-luciferase contains the androgen responsive promoter of the mouse mammary

tumour virus.

MMTV-Luc7054 bp

luc

bla

Misc Feature 1

SEQ

PolyA Signal 1

luc

Primer Bind 1

MMTV

Rep Origin 1

Rep Origin 2

BstBI (246)

BstBI (1034)


pBS(sk-) non-eukaryotic plasmid DNA


pCMV3.1 contains the human cytomegalovirus virus promoter.


pCMV-AR3.1 contains the entire coding sequence of the wild type human AR cDNA cloned

into the Eco RI restriction sites of the pCMV3.1 parental expression vector. Expression of the

AR cDNA is under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. The encoded AR contains 21

glutamine residues in the poly-glutamine tract.


pCMV-ARi410 contains the cDNA coding sequence of the human AR variant ARi410,

comprising of amino acids 1-38 and 410-917 of the wild type AR cloned into the EcoRI

restriction sites of the pCMV3.1 parental vector. Expression of ARi410 is under control of the

cytomegalovirus promoter.


pEGFP-C1 encodes the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of a

cytomegalovirus promoter. Genes cloned into the multiple cloning site will be expressed as a

fusion to the EGFP C-terminus.


pEGFP-AR contains the entire coding region of the wild type human AR cDNA cloned into

the parental pEGFP-C1 expression vector using the KpnI and BamHI restriction enzyme sites.

Expression of the EGFP-AR fusion protein is under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter.


pEGFP-ARi410 contains the cDNA coding sequence of the human AR variant ARi410,

comprising of amino acids 1-38 and 410-917 of the wild type AR cloned into the pEGFP-C1

expression vector using the KpnI and BamHI restriction enzyme sites. Expression of the

EGFP-ARi410 fusion protein is under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter.


pSG5-HA contains the human cytomegalovirus promoter.


pcMOD-DBD contains the cDNA coding sequence of the human AR DNA binding domain,

comprising of amino acids 552-640 of the wild type AR, cloned into the pSG5-HA parental

expression vector at the C-terminus of the HA coding sequence to express a HA-tagged AR

DNA binding domain under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter.


pENTR-ARi410 contains the cDNA coding sequence of the human AR variant ARi410,

comprising of amino acids 1-38 and 410-917 of the wild type AR, cloned into the pENTR1A

entry vector using the SalI and NotI restriction enzyme sites. An attL site on either side of the

multiple cloning sequence allows specific recombination of ARi410 into a Gateway®

destination vector.


pENTR-EGFP contains the entire cDNA coding sequence of the enhanced green fluorescent

protein cloned into the pENTR1A entry vector using the DraI and NotI restriction enzyme

sites. An attL site on either side of the multiple cloning sequence allows specific

recombination of EGFP into a Gateway® destination vector.


pAd-ARi410 contains the cDNA coding sequence of the human AR variant ARi410,

comprising of amino acids 1-38 and 410-917 of the wild type AR under control of the

cytomegalovirus promoter in the pAd/CMV/V5 adenoviral expression vector. LR

recombination between pENTR-ARi410 and the pAd/CMV/V5 Gateway® destination vector

generated pAd-ARi410.


pAd-EGFP contains the entire cDNA coding sequence of the enhanced green fluorescent

protein under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter in the pAd/CMV/V5 adenoviral

expression vector. LR recombination between pENTR-EGFP and the pAd/CMV/V5

Gateway® destination vector generated pAd-ARi410.


pAd-LacZ contains the entire cDNA coding sequence of LacZ under control of the

cytomegalovirus promoter in the pAd/CMV/V5 adenoviral expression vector.

Appendix 2 – Oligonucleotides and Restriction Digest Enzymes 1

Appendix 2 – Oligonucleotides and Restriction Digest Enzymes

All oligonucleotide sequences and primers were purchased from Geneworks (Adelaide, SA).

Oligonucleotide primer sequences and restriction enzymes used to generate specific

missense mutations in pCMV-AR3.1 and/or pCMV-ARi410:

A594T N166s............................................... 5’-TAGCCCCCTACGGCTACACT-3’ A594Tas........................................... 5’-TGCTGGTGCACAGGTACTTCTG-3’ A594Ts ............................................ 5’-CAGAAGTACCTGTGCACCAGCA-3’ X4as................................................. 5’-GAGCCAGGTGTAGTGTGT-3’ Restriction Enzymes......................... Tth111I, Bsu36I M805V ARCs1 ............................................. 5’-TGAAGCAGGGATGACTCT-3’ M805Vas.......................................... 5’-AGCAGTGCTTTCACGCACAGGA-3’ M805Vs ........................................... 5’-TTCCTGTGCGTGAAAGCACTGCTACTC-3’ pCMVas2......................................... 5’-CTATTCGGGAACCAAGCTGGAGTG-3’ Restriction Enzymes ........................ Tth111I, BstBI P764A ARCs1 ............................................. 5’-TGAAGCAGGGATGACTCT-3’ P764Aas........................................... 5’-AACCAGATCAGCGGCGAAGTAGAG-3’ P764As............................................. 5’-CTCTACTTCGCCGCTGATCTGGTT-3’ pCMVas2......................................... 5’-CTATTCGGGAACCAAGCTGGAGTG-3’ Restriction Enzymes......................... Tth111I, BstBI

R829Q

Appendix 2 – Oligonucleotides and Restriction Digest Enzymes Page 202

ARCs1 ............................................. 5’-TGAAGCAGGGATGACTCT-3’ R829Qas .......................................... 5’-GATGTAGTTCATTTGAAGTTCATC-3’ R829Qs ............................................ 5’-GATGAACTTCAAATGAACTACATC-3’ ARBglIIas ........................................ 5’-GTGGTACCAGATCTGAATTCGG-3’ Restriction Enzymes ........................ Tth111I, BglII

Y737D N166s............................................... 5’-TAGCCCCCTACGGCTACACT-3’ Y737Das .......................................... 5’-TCCAGGAGTCCTGAATGACAGC-3’ Y737Ds............................................ 5’-GCTGTCATTCAGGACTCCTGGATG-3’ pCMVas2......................................... 5’-CTATTCGGGAACCAAGCTGGAGTG-3’ Restriction Enzymes ........................ Tth111I, BstBI

Oligonucleotide Primers and Restriction Enzymes used for Generating Gateway

Constructs:

pENTR-EGFP Sense............... 5’-CAATTCAGTCGACCTACCGGTCGCCACCATGGTGAG-3’ Antisense......... 5’TCGAGTGCGGCCGCGATCAGTTATCTAGATCCGGTGGATCCCG-3’ Restriction Enzymes........ DraI, NotI pENTR-ARi410 Sense............... 5’-AATTCAGTCGACGATTCAGCCAAGCTCAAGGATGGAAGTG-3’ Antisense......... 5’-TCGAGTGCGGCCGCGTTTCCAATGCTTCACTGGGTGTGGAA-3’ Restriction Enzymes...........SalI, NotI

Oligonucleotide Primers used for Sequencing:

AR primers


ARCs1 ............................................. 5’-TGAAGCAGGGATGACTCT-3’

ARCs3 ............................................. 5’-TTACACGTGGACGACCAGATGG-3’

pCMVs2........................................... 5’-GTGACGTATGTTCCCATAGTAACGCCAA-3’

N166 ................................................ 5’-TAGCCCCCTACGGCTACACT-3’

X4as................................................. 5’-ACACACTACACCTGGCTC-3’

X7as................................................. 5’-GGTAGAAGCGTCTTGAGCAGG-3’

Gateway sequencing primers pENTR1aF....................................... 5’-CTACAAACTCTTCCTGTTAGTTAGTTAC-3’ pENTR1aR....................................... 5’-GTAACATCAGAGATTTTGAGACAC-3’ pAd-F............................................... 5’-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG-3’ pAd-R .............................................. 5’-ACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGAT-3’ Oligonucleotide primers used for real time PCR: ARDN primers were designed to specifically amplify wtAR and not ARi410. APOD primer

sequences were designed using Primer Depot (http://primerdepot.nci.nih.gov/). KLK2 primer

sequences were taken from (Kawakami et al. 1997). PSA primer sequences were taken from

(Bieche et al. 2001).

ARDN-F ......................................... 5’-GAGGATGACTCAGCTGCCCCAT-3’ ARDN-R ......................................... 5’-GCTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGCAT-3’ APOD-F........................................... 5’-CTCCGGTGCAGGAGAATTT-3’ APOD-R ......................................... 5’-CAGCGTCCATTCTCAAAGGT-3’ KLKS-R .......................................... 5’-GGTGGCTGTGTACAGTCATGGAT-3’ KLK2-R .......................................... 5’-TGTCTTCAGGCTCAAACAGGTTG-3’ PSA-F ............................................. 5’-ACCAGAGGAGTTCTTGACCCCAAA-3’ PSA-R ............................................. 5’-CCCCAGAATCACCCGAGCAG-3’


Oligonucleotide sequences used for EMSA: The sequences outlined below are those that were used for the final EMSA protocol. C3(1)-

ARE and PB-ARE-2 sequences were taken from (Claessens et al. 1996). PSA-promoter

(PSA-ARE) and –enhancer (PSA-ARR) sequences were taken from (Cleutjens et al. 1996).

C3(1)-AREs 5’-AGC TTA CAT AGT ACG TGA TGT TCT CAA GGT CGA-3’

C3(1)-AREas 5’-AGC TTT CGA CCT TGA GAA CAT CAC GTA CTA TGT-3’

mC3(1)-AREs 5’- AGC TTA CAT AAA AAA TGA TGT TCT CAA GGT CGA-3’

mC3(1)-AREas 5’-AGC TTT CGA CCT TGA GAA CAT CTT TTT CTA TGT-3’

PB-ARE-2s 5’-AGC TTA ATA GGT TCT TGG AGT ACT TTA CGT CGA-3’

PB-ARE-2as 5’-AGC TTT CGA CGT AAA GTA CTC CAA GAA CCT ATT-3’

PSA-AREs 5’-AGC TTC TTG CAG AAC AGC AAG TGC TAG CTG-3’

PSA-AREas 5’-AGC TTC AGC TAG CAC TTG CTG TTC TGC AAG-3’

mPSA-AREs 5’-AGC TTC TTG CAA AAA AGC AAG TGC TAG CTG-3’

mPSA-AREas 5’-AGC TTC AGC TAG CAC TTG CTT TTT TGC AAG-3’

PSA-ARRs 5’-AGC TTC GTG GTG CAG GGA TCA GGG AGT CTC ACA ATC

TCC TG-3’

PSA-ARRas 5’-AGC TTC AGG AGA TTG TGA GAC TCC CTG ATC CCT GCA

CCA CG-3’

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