chapters 8 through 10 europe in the middle ages: 500-1400
TRANSCRIPT
Chapters 8 through 10Chapters 8 through 10Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400
I. Terms
II. End of the Beginning
III. Transformation of the Roman World
i. New Germanic Kingdoms
a) Franks
b) Role of the Church
c) Monks and their Mission
d) Church Support for Clovis’ Descendants
IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians
i. Intellectual Renewal
ii. Daily Life
a) Family, Marriage, Sexuality
b) Diet and Health
V. Lords and Vassals
i. Invasions of the 9th and 10th century
a) Muslims
b) Magyars
c) Vikings
ii. Development of Fief Holding
iii. Subinfeudination
iv. Feudal Contract
VI. Evolution of European Kingdomsi. England in the High Middle Ages
a) Williamb) Henry IIc) Richardd) Johne) Edward I
VII. Daily Worldi. New Agricultureii. Manorial System
a) Nobility Daily Life Role of Women
b) Peasants / Serfs Daily Life Role of Women
iii. Life in the Medieval City
i. Daily Life
ii. Mores
VIII. Culture of the High Middle Ages
i. Universities
ii. Scholasticism
IX. Crusades
X. Castles
XI. Conclusion
I. TERMS
MIDDLE AGES: 378 – 1400
Dark Ages 378 - 800
Middle Ages 800 - 1300
High Middle Ages 1300 - 1400
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II. END OF THE BEGINNING
250 – migrations
Visogoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians, Lombards
BUT FOR THE HUNS
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III. Transformation of the Roman World
i. New Germanic Kingdoms
a. Kingdom of the Franksi. Line of Merovingian kings – Clovis I (481-511)
b. Role of the Christian Churchi. Link to ancient world – time of order and structureii. Church roleiii. Council of Nicea, 325iv. Heresyv. Cluniac Reform Movementvi. Augustinevii. Petrine Doctrineviii. Interdictix. Purgatoryx. Concordat of Worms 1122
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c) Monks and Their Mission
Ascetism
St Francis
d) Church support for descendants of Clovis – OUT OF NEEDi. ‘Hammer’ – Charles Martel
iii. Charles Martel’s son – Pepin first Carolingian King 741
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IV. Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Charlemagne extended Frankish power by conquest over virtually all of Gaul and into Germany and Italy
Symbolized fusion of Roman, Germanic and Christian culture
Missi dominici
Rise of other powers – Normans, Saxons
i. Intellectual Renewal recruited intellectuals from England, Spain, Ireland, Italy to lead an
educational reform program
ii. Daily Lifea. Family, Marriage, Sexuality
civil institution ~ churchMarriages arranged by fathers
b. Diet and health
BREAD
Lower classes;
Upper class:
V. Lords and Vassalsi. Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
a. Muslims Stopped at battle of Poitiers, 732 by Charles Martel – France Stopped at Constantinople in 717.
b. Magyars from western Asia Magyars defeated at battle of Lechfeld, 955; converted to
Christianityc. The Vikings
Norsemen out of Norway Reasons for invasions
ii. Development of Fief-Holdinga. Breakdown of governmentb. Vassalage
ii. Fief
iii. Subinfeudation
iv. Feudal contract of fief holding Vassal ~ Lord Lord ~ Vassal
VI. Evolution of European Kingdoms
Cast of Characters:
Anglo-Saxons
Normans
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i. England in the High Middle Agesa. William of Normandy
Origins: King Edward Harold Godwinson 1066 – Battle of Hastings.
Feudalism
English language
Domesday Book (Doomsday)
b. Henry II (1154-1189), Plantagenet Born March 1133, crowned 1154.
Eleanor of Aquitaine. Marries her 1152.
Thomas à Becket
1173 – Revolt.
1183 – 2nd Revolt by Henry’s son Henry.
c. Richard the Lion-Hearted• Legends and myths
• 10 year reign
• Crusades – 3rd Crusade, September 1190
• June 1191 – Arrives at Acre to relieve city of siege from Saladin
• Captured by Leopold V ~ Henry VI
• Brother – John
• 1199 – France
d. John (1199-1216)
Loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and Brittany
Identity
Magna Carta, June 12, 1215
e. Edward I (1272-1307)– Longshanks– Born 1239.– 1st – Eleanor of Castile– 2nd - Marguerite of France– Military:
» 8th – 9th Crusades» Welsh wars 1260s» Scottish wars 1291-1305ish
– English Parliament, 1295» Two knights from every county and two residents from each
town meet with the Grand Council» House of Lords and House of Commons
» Law made in consultation with representatives42
VII. Daily Worldi. The New Agriculture
ii. The Manorial system• manor sustained the three orders of medieval society
– Noble– Pray – Clergy– Fight – Knights– Serfs / Peasants
a) Nobles Demesne
Daily Life Aristocratic Women
b) Serfs / Peasants Daily Life Role of Women
iii. Daily Life in the Medieval City
a. Daily Life
b. Mores
c. Industry in Medieval Cities
Guilds
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VIII.The Culture of the High Middle Agesa) Rise of universities
Irnerius (1088-1125), Bologna University of Paris Oxford Liberal arts curriculum
b) Development of Scholasticism Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Summa Theologica
Vernacular literature
The Crusades7th century (638) – control of Jerusalem up until that time ?
In 1071, Byzantine forces routed and Constantinople in question – called upon Europe for help.
1095 – Council of Clermont – Pope Urban II
1st Crusade 1095-1099One important result of 1st crusade was economic growth for Italy.Arab unity
2nd Crusade:
3rd Crusade - 1189
4th Crusade turned against the Venetians
Children’s Crusade - 1212
5th Crusade - 1219
6th Crusade led by Frederick II resulted in retaking Jerusalem w/o a fight.
Large civilian population killed, Arab unity