chapters 16 and 17 1.fourth-declension nouns 2.fifth-declension nouns 3.the locative case 4.the...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapters 16 and 171. Fourth-declension nouns
2. Fifth-declension nouns
3. The locative case
4. The passive voice: present, imperfect, and future
5. The ablative of agent
1. Fourth-declension nouns
declension defining characeristic examples
1 a rēgīna, -ae f. queenpoēta, -ae m. poetNO NEUTER
2 u(originally o)
cf. Greek phil-os)
amīcus, -ī m. friendFEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground)consilium, -iī n. advice
3 consonant sol, sōlis m. sunvōx, vōcis f. voiceanimal, animālis n. animal
4 u currus, -ūs m. chariotNO FEMININEcornū, -ūs n. horn
5 e speciēs, speciēī f. sightNO MASCULINE OR NEUTER
1. Fourth-declension nouns: The Temple of Saturn, Roman Forum
Senatus populusque Rōmānus incendiōconsumptum [templum] restituit
1. Fourth-declension nouns declined
case singular plural
NOM vult-us vult-ūs
GEN vult-ūs vult-uum
DAT vult-uī vult-ibus
ACC vult-um vult-ūs
ABL vult-ū vult-ibus
vultus, vultūs m.manus, manūs f.
Masculine (and
feminine)
Neuter
genū, genūs n.
case singular plural
NOM gen-ū gen-ua
GEN gen-ūs gen-uum
DAT gen-ū gen-ibus
ACC gen-ū gen-ua
ABL gen-ū gen-ibus
*most fourth-declension nouns are masculine!
1. Fourth-declension nouns declined
case singular plural
NOM dom-us dom-ūs
GEN dom-ūs dom-uum
DAT dom-uī dom-ibus
ACC dom-um dom-ōs
ABL dom-ō dom-ibus
domus, domūs f.
domus, domūs f. is a fourth-declension noun but borrows some forms from the second declension
4. Fourth-declension nouns
senātus populusque Rōmānus [nom. sg.]the Senate and the Roman people
cavē Īdūs Martiās [acc. pl.]Beware the Ides of March
in nomine patris, filiī, et spīritūs sanctī [gen. sing.]In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
dē consulātū suō [abl. sing.]on his consulship
Some phrases with fourth-declension nouns
2. Fifth-declension nouns
declension defining characeristic examples
1 a rēgīna, -ae f. queenpoēta, -ae m. poetNO NEUTER
2 u(originally o)
cf. Greek phil-os)
amīcus, -ī m. friendFEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground)consilium, -iī n. advice
3 consonant sol, sōlis m. sunvōx, vōcis f. voiceanimal, animālis n. animal
4 u currus, -ūs m. chariotNO FEMININEcornū, -ūs n. horn
5 e speciēs, speciēī f. sightNO MASCULINE OR NEUTER
2. Fifth-declension nouns declined
case singular plural
NOM rēs rēs
GEN reī [diēī] rērum
DAT reī [diēī] rēbus
ACC rem rēs
ABL rē rēbus
rēs, rēi f.diēs, diēi m.
Feminine (and
masculine*)
fidēs, fidēi f.
case singular plural
NOM fidēs -
GEN fideī -
DAT fideī -
ACC fidem -
ABL fidē -
*all fifth-declension nouns are feminine, except diēs, m., day, and meridiēs, m., noon
After a consonant, the genitive and dative singular ending is –eī rather than ēī
*other than rēsand diēs most fifth-declension nouns do not appear in the plural
4. Fifth-declension nouns
rēs pūblica [nom. sg.]the republic
diēs īrae [nom. sg.]days of wrath
in mediās rēs [acc. pl.]Into the middle of things
prīmā faciē [abl. sg.]at first appearance
Pūnica fides [nom. sg.]Punic trustworthiness
Some phrases with fifth-declension nouns
3. The locative case
RELATIONS OF PLACE
PLACE WHERE PLACE TO WHERE PLACE FROM WHERE
Usually expressed by in + ablative
Usually expressed by ad or in + accusative
Usually expressed by ab, dē, or ex + ablative
in hāc urbe, in this city
oppidum in insulā positum, a town situated on the island
ad istum fundum, to that estate in Āfricam nāvigāvit, he sailed to Africa
dē monte, down from the mountain
ex Āfrica, out of Africa
cum ā vōbis discesserō, when I will have left you
3. The locative case
The Locative
1st decl. 2nd decl. 3rd decl. 4th decl. 5th decl.
-ae-īs
Rōmae, at/in Rome
Athēnīs, at/in Athens
-ī-īs
humī, on the ground
bellī, in war
-ī or –e-ibus
rūrī, in the country
(from rūs, rūrīs n.)
---
domī, at home
-ē
-with certain words (names of towns and small islands, domus and rus, inter alia) the locative case is used to express place where
-these words, when used to express place to where and place to which, usually take the appropriate case without a preposition Rōmam, to Rome Rōmā abesse, to be absent from Romedomum, (to) home domō, from homehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIAdHEwiAy8
4. Taking stock of your new verb forms
person
number tense voice mood
1st
2nd
3rd
singularplural
presentimperfect
future
perfectpluperfect
future perfect
activepassive
indicativesubjuncti
veimperativ
einfinitiveparticiple
4. The passive voiceThe Active and Passive Voice
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
-the subject of an active verb is performing the action: “they eat”
-a verb in the passive voice expresses what is done to the
subject of the verb
-subject becomes the recipient/sufferer of the action:
“they are being eaten”
-only transitive verbs have a true passive sense: what could the
passive forms of currō, I run, or vīvō, I live, possibly mean?
Transitive Sentence Pattern:Subject – Verb – Accusative DO
Puer patrem amat,the boy loves his father.
Passive Sentence Pattern:Subject – Passive Verb
Pater amātur, the father is loved
*the direct object of the transitive sentence becomes the subject; the
subject of the transitive sentence is not expressed (“mistakes were made”)
ducit militēs, he leads the soldiers militēs ducitur, the soldiers are led
4. The passive personal endings
Active Passive
-ō -r
-s -ris, -re
-t -tur
-mus -mur
-tis -minī
-nt -ntur
4. The passive voice: presentPRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre
amōamāsamat
amāmusamātisamant
moneōmonēsmonet
MonēmusMonētismonent
vincōvincisvincit
vincimusvincitisvincunt
capiōcapiscapit
capimuscapitiscapiunt
audiōaudīsaudit
Audīmusaudītisaudiunt
PRESENT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amoramārisamāturamāmuramāminīamantur
moneormonērismonēturmonēmurmonēminīmonentur
vincorvincerisvinciturvincimurvinciminīvincuntur
capiorcaperiscapiturcapimurcapiminī
capiuntur
audioraudīrisaudīturaudīmuraudīminī
audiuntur
4. The passive voice: imperfectIMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre
amābamamābāsamābat
amābāmusamābātisamābant
monēbammonēbāsmonēbat
monēbāmusmonēbātismonēbant
vincēbamvincēbāsvincēbat
vincēbāmusvincēbātisvincēbant
capiēbamcapiēbāscapiēbat
capiēbāmuscapiēbātiscapiēbant
audiēbamaudiēbāsaudiēbat
audiēbāmusaudiēbātisaudiēbant
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amābaramābārisamābāturamābāmuramābāmin
īamābantu
r
monēbarmonēbārismonēbātu
rmonēbām
urmonēbāmi
nīmonēbant
ur
vincēbarvincēbārisvincēbāturvincēbāmu
rvincēbāmi
nīvincēbant
ur
capiēbarcapiēbāriscapiēbāturcapiēbāmu
rcapiēbāmi
nīcapiēbant
ur
audiēbaraudiēbārisaudiēbātu
raudiēbām
uraudiēbāmi
nīaudiēbant
ur
4. The passive voice: futureFUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre
amābōamābisamābit
amābimusamābitisamābunt
monēbōmonēbismonēbit
monēbimusmonēbitismonēbunt
vincamvincēsvincet
vincēmusvincētisvincent
capiamcapiēscapiet
capiēmuscapiētiscapient
audiamaudiēsaudiet
audiēmusaudiētisaudient
FUTURE INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre moneō, monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amāboramāberisamābituramābimuramābiminīamābuntu
r
monēbormonēberismonēbiturmonēbimu
rmonēbimi
nīmonēbunt
ur
vincarvincērisvincēturvincēmurvincēminīvincentur
capiarcapiēriscapiēturcapiēmurcapiēminīcapientur
audīaraudiērisaudiēturaudiēmuraudiēminīaudientur
4. The passive voice: infinitive 5. The ablative of agent
PRESENT INFINITIVE PASSIVE
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 3rd -io 4th conj.amārī, to be
lovedparārī, to
be prepared
docērī, to be taught
vidērī, to be seen, to
seem
regī, to be ruled
pōnī, to be placed, put
capī, to be taken
rapī, to be seized
audīrī, to be heard
fīnīrī, to be finished
To express by what/whom a passive verb is done, Latin uses:-for animate nouns: ā/ab + ablative (ablative of agent)-for things: ablative of means/instrument w/no preposition
*when you see ā/ab + ablative with an inanimate noun in a passive sentence, it probably isn't an ablative of agent!
4. The passive voice
CIL 6.20128, 4; By Roman Hands n. 24:
quid: why?tam: soMaximus, -ī, m.: Maximus (a name)ēripio, ēripere, ēripui, ēreptus: to snatch/tear/take away
QUID MIHI TAM SUBITO MAXIMUS ĒRIPITUR?
Cicero’s In Catilinam II.1
“Nulla iam pernicies a monstro illo atque prodigio moenibus ipsis intra moenia comparabitur… Non enim tam inter latera nostra sica illa versabitur.”
pernicies, perniciēi f.: destruction, overthrowmonstrum, -ī n.: monsterprodigium, -ī n.: prodigy, portent, monstermoenia, -ium n. (3rd decl., usu. pl): wallscomparō, comparāre: preparelatus, lateris n.: side (of body)sīca, -ae: dagger