chapters 13,14, and 15. mangrove a tropical tree with roots that extend both above and beneath...
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Africa
Chapters 13,14, and 15
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Mangrove a tropical tree with roots that
extend both above and beneath water. Savannas tropical grasslands with only a few
trees. Harmattan a dusty wind.
Nigeria
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One of the world’s major oil-producing
countries Most people work as farmers. Subsistence farms small plots that grow just
enough to feed their families. Cacao a tropical tree whose seeds are used
to make chocolate and cocoa.
Economic Challenges
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About 250 ethnic groups
Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibo Compound group of houses surrounded by
walls. About half the population are Muslim 40% Christian Civil war a fight among different groups
within a country
Nigeria’s People
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Five countries—Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso,
Niger, and Chad, are located in an area known as the Sahel, which means “border”.
Most here traditionally herd livestock Overgraze strip areas so bare that plants
cannot grow back. Drought a long period of extreme dryness
and water shortages. Desertification process in which grassland
areas become desert.
Land and History of the Sahel
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Mostly subsistence farmers Mostly Muslim Mauritania exports fish and iron ore Mali is developing a gold mining industry. Chad has oil deposits, but no money to build
pipelines.
The People of the Sahel
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11 coastal countries Deforestation All earned their independence by the late
1970s
West Africa’s Coastal Countries
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Gambia, Senegal, and Guinea work in
agriculture Guinea also rich in bauxite and diamonds Senegal phosphate Liberia is only West African nation that was
never a colony. Cote d’Ivoire “ivory coast”
People of Coastal West Africa
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Canopy an umbrella-like forest covering Congo River provides hydroelectric power
electricity generated by flowing water. Exports gold, petroleum, diamonds, and
copper. More than 200 ethnic groups 75% are Christian First settled 10,000 years ago Bantu moved here form Nigeria around AD
600s or 700s.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Most people here farm. Tsetse fly causes sleeping sickness. Cameroon forest products, petroleum, and
bauxite CAR only diamonds
Cameroon and the Central African
Republic
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Both won their independence from France in
1960. Congo River supports most of Congo’s
farmland. Both countries depend heavily on farming. deforestation
Congo and Gabon
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Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe
are both island nations. Equatorial Guinea became independent from
Spain in 1968 Farming, fishing, and forestry are important. Oil was recently found.
Sao Tome and Principe gained independence from Portugal in 1975 Volcanic islands Coconuts, bananas, and cacao
Island Countries
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Coral reef Poaching the illegal hunting of protected wildlife Free enterprise system Nairobi capital Cassava a plant whose roots are ground to
porridge. Swahili and English Won independence from Great Britain in 1963. Most people are farmers Mombasa is the chief port.
Kenya
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Serengeti Plain Kilimanjaro highest point in Africa Most work in farming or herding Lake Victoria Africa’s largest lake. Sisal a plant fiber used to make rope and
twine Habitat the type of environment in which a
particular animal species lives Ecotourists people who travel to another
country to view its natural wonders.
Tanzania
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Fertile, green land with mountains, lakes, and
wild animals. Mild climate due to elevation. Plantains a kind of banana 2/3 of population are Christians Autonomy self government Today one of the fastest growing economies
in the world.
Uganda
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Watershed a region that is drained by a river Endangered species a plant or animal under
the threat of extinction (gorillas) Coffee is the main export for both countries Genocide the deliberate murder of a group of
people because of their race or culture.
Rwanda and Burundi
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Sudan is the largest country in Africa North Desert Central fertile because of Blue and White Nile
Rivers South Swampy Sugar cane, nutes, dates, and cotton
Sudan
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Scientists believe they have found the remains
of the oldest known human ancestors in Ethiopia
Rain is not consistent. 85% live in rural areas.
Ethiopia
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1993 won its independence from Ethiopia Most people are farmers
Eritrea
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Plates huge slabs of rock that make up the
earth’s crust Two of these plates are pulling away from each
other in Djibouti One of the hottest, driest places on the earth.
Djibouti
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Most people are nomadic herders Clans No real government in charge today.
Somalia
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South Africa African elephant Miniature shrew South Africa is the most industrialized country
in Africa World’s largest producer and exporter of gold. Large deposits of diamonds, chromite,
platinum, and coal.
A Land Rich in Resources
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Black ethnics make up 78% of the population. 1600s, the Dutch settled in South Africa
Known as Boers, a Dutch word for farmers Pushed Africans off the best land
1910, British take control 1948, whites set up a system of apartheid or
“apartness” This made it illegal for racial and ethnic groups
to mix and limited the rights of blacks.
South Africa’s History and People
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Within South Africa lie two other African
nations—Lesotho and Swaziland Enclaves small countries located inside a
larger country.
South Africa
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Copper belt large area of copper mines that
stretches across northern Zambia 80% of Zambia’s income comes from copper.
Gained independence from Britain in 1964
Zambia
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500 species of fish in Lake Malawi 400 orchid species British colony until 1964.
Malawi
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Gold, copper, iron ore, and asbestos AIDS Name comes from a great city in the AD
1100s.
Zimbabwe
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Diamonds account for more than 75% of
Botswana’s export income Became independent from Britain in 1966. Today, have one of Africa’s strongest
democracies.
Botswana
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Exclave a small part of a country that is
separated from the main part. Oil accounts for 90% of Angola’s export
earning A colony of Portugal until 1975.
Angola
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Became independent in 1990 after being ruled
by South Africa, and Germany before that. Deposits of diamonds, copper, gold, zinc,
silver, and lead. Leading producer of uranium
Namibia
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Slash-and-burn farming a method of clearing
land for plating by cutting and burning forests. Cyclones intense storms with heavy rains
and high circular winds. Major crops cashews, cotton, sugarcane, tea,
coconuts, and tropical fruits
Mozambique
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The island of Madagascar broke away from the
continent about 160 million years ago Produces most of the world’s vanilla beans Coffee is the main cash crop.
Madagascar
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Volcanoes formed the countries of Comoros
and Mauritius thousands of years ago Seychelles
Small Island Countries