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Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

TEACHERS, SCHOOLS,AND SOCIETYNINTH EDITION

DAVID MILLER SADKERKAREN R. ZITTLEMAN

The History of American Education7

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICA’S SCHOOLS

Middle/High Schools(1950s-Present)

1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Dame Schools(1600)

Local Schools(1600s-1800s)

Tutors(1600-1900)

Itinerant Schools(1700s)

Private Schools(1700s-1800s)

Common Schools(1830-Present)

Latin Grammar Schools(1600s-1700s)

English Grammar Schools(1700s)

Academies(1700s-1800s)

High Schools(1800s-Present)

Junior High Schools(1909-Present)

7.1

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES

Seventeenth CenturyInformal family education, apprenticeships, dame schools, tutors

1635Boston Latin Grammar School

1636Harvard College

1647Old Deluder Satan Law

1687-1890New England Primer published

Eighteenth CenturyDevelopment of a national interest in education, state responsibility for education, growth in secondary education

1740South Carolina denies education to blacks

1751Opening of the Franklin Academy in Philadelphia

1783Noah Webster’s American Spelling Book

1785, 1787Land Ordinance Act, Northwest Ordinance

Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

7.2

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)

Nineteenth CenturyIncreasing role of public secondary schools, increased but segregated education for women and minorities, attention to the field of education and teacher preparation

1821Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary opens, first endowed secondary school for girls

1821First public high school opens in Boston

1823First (private) normal school opens in Vermont

1827Massachusetts requires public high schools

1837Horace Mann becomes secretary of board of education in Massachusetts

1839First public normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts

1855First kindergarten (German language) in United States

1862Morrill Land Grant College Act

1874Kalamazoo case (legalizes taxes for high schools)

1896Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision supporting racially separate but equal schools

Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

7.3

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)

Twentieth CenturyIncreasing federal support for educational rights of poor, females, minorities, and disabled; increased federal funding of specific (categorical) education programs

1909First junior high school in Berkeley, California

1919Progressive education programs

1932New Deal education programs

1944G.I. Bill of Rights

1954Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court decision outlawing racial segregation in schools

1957Sputnik leads to increased federal education funds

1958National Defense Education Act funds science, math, and foreign language programs

1964-1965Job Corps and Head Start are funded

Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

7.4

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES (Continued)

Twentieth Century (continued)

1964-1965Job Corps and Head Start are funded

1972Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools

1975, 1991Public Law 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act (renamed the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act), is passed

1979Cabinet-level Department of Education is established

2001No Child Left Behind Act calls for state standards and annual testing

7.5

Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, 1635-1964 (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

DIVERSITY AND EDUCATION

Group Key Points

African Americans

Arab Americans

Asian/Pacific Americans

European Americans

Hispanics

Native Americans

Women and Girls

Other(s)

7.6

Student Generated Responses

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

THE GROWTH OF THE U.S. SCHOOL

Year

14 to 17 Year-Olds in School

(Percentage of Total)

1890 6.7

1910 15.4

1930 51.4

1950 76.8

1970 92.7

1980 91.0

1990 94.0

2000 95.7

2010 95.9Source: Projections of Education Statistics to 2010, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement.

7.7

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

JOHN DEWEY QUOTATION

To “learn from experience” is to make a

backward and forward connection between

what we do to things and what we enjoy or

suffer from things in consequence.

Source: Some Favorite Quotes from John Dewey, http://cuip.uchicago.edu/~cac/dewey.html.

7.8

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

SELECTED FEDERAL LEGISLATION

1785, 1787 LAND ORDINANCE ACT AND NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

1862, 1890 MORRILL ACTS (LAND GRANT COLLEGES)

1917 SMITH-HUGHES ACT

1944 SERVICEMEN’S READJUSTMENT ACT (G.I. BILL)

1958 NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT (NDEA)

1964-1965 PROJECT HEAD START

1965 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT (ESEA)

1968 BILINGUAL EDUCATION ACT

1972 TITLE IX (OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS)

1975 INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT (IDEA)

2001 NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT

7.9

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

U.S. HISPANIC SUBGROUPS

Figure 7.1

Source: The Hispanic Population in the United States, U.S Census Bureau, June 2008.

7.10

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Ninth Edition. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

ARAB AMERICANS BY ANCESTRY

Figure 7.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 special tabulation (www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf4,pdf), issued July 2007.

7.11