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TRANSCRIPT
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C H A P T E R 22Fundamentals of 2D
Construction
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Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2011, 1/eJames Bethune
2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.2
LINERANDOM POINTS
The Line command is
used to draw straight
lines between
two defined points
The Line tool on
the Draw panel
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To randomly select points1. Select the Linetool on the Draw
panel under theHome tab.
Command: _lineSpecify first point:
2. Place the cursor
randomly on thedrawing screen
and press the left
mouse button.
Specify next point
or [Undo]:
3. Randomly pickanother point on the
screen.Specify next point or
[Undo]:
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To exit a command sequence
Press the key, which will
return you to a command prompt.
Note:
The key allows you to exitalmost all Auto-CAD commands.
The Line command may be
reactivated by pressing the right
mouse button immediately afterselecting the Enter option. A dialog
box will appear
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ERASE
There are two ways to
erase lines: select
individual lines or
window a group of lines.
The Erase tool is located
on the Modify panel
under the Home tab
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2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.6
To Erase individual lines1. Select the Erase
tool on the Modifypanel.
Command: _erase
Select objects:
select cursor (pickbox).
2. Select the two open
lines by placing the
rectangular cursor
on each line, one at
a time, and pressing
the left mouse
button
Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects:
3. Press the right mouse
button or the Enter
key to complete the
Erase sequence.
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To erase a group of lines
1. Select the Erase tool.Command: _erase
Select objects:
2. Place the rectangular selectcursor above and to
the left of the lines to be erased andpress the left mouse button.
3. Move the mouse, and a shaded
window will drag from the selectedfirst point.
4. When all the lines to be erased
are completely within the window,
press the left mouse button.
Once selected, elements"will change color on the screen.
All elements completely within the window will be erased.
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2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.8
LINESNAP POINTS
Lines can be drawn using calibrated snap spacing. This
technique is similar to drawing points randomly, but because
the cursor is limited to specific points, the length of lines can
be determined accurately.
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LINECOORDINATE VALUES
AutoCAD will also accept locational inputs, the start andend points of a line, in terms of X,Y coordinate values. The 0,0
origin is located in the lower left corner of the drawing screen.
Lines can be drawnusing coordinate points.
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LINEDYNAMIC INPUTS
The Dynamic Input command allows both angular anddistance values to be added to a drawing using screen prompts .
The Dynamic Inputs dialog box is used to control the Pointer Input,Dimension Input, and Dynamic Prompts aspects of dynamic input
(See Next Slide).
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2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.11
Dynamic Input settings
The Dynamic
Inputs dialog box
is used to controlthe Pointer Input,
Dimension Input,
and Dynamic
Prompts aspects of
dynamic input
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CONSTRUCTION LINE
The Construction Line command is used to draw lines of infinite
length. Construction lines are very helpful during the initial layout of
a drawing. They can be trimmed during the creation of the drawing
as needed.
Construction line
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Other Construction Line commands:
Construction lines drawnusing the Horizontal, Vertical,
and Angular options
The lines shown below were created using the Hor (horizontal),Ver (vertical), and Ang (angular) options.
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Construction Line command: Offset
The Offset option allows you to draw a line parallel to an existingline, regardless of the lines orientation, at a redefined distance.
Construction lines drawn
0.5 apart using theOffset option.
Press the right mouse button to end the Offset command sequence
and return a command prompt to the command prompt line
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CIRCLEThe Circle tool is on the Draw panel. Circles may be defined by a center point and
either a radius or diameter; by two or three points on the diameter; or by the tangents totwo existing lines or arcs and a radius value.
Each of these commands has a separate tool on the Draw panel that is a flyout from the
Circle tool
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CIRCLE Creation Types
Circle Radius
Circle Diameter
Circle 2 points
Circle 3 points
Circle Diameter
Tangent Tangent Radius
* See of you can Name the Circle Creation Types
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CIRCLE CENTERLINES
It is standard
drawing
convention to
include
centerlines
with all circles.
Circles usuallyrepresent holes.
The circles
center point is
used to locate
the circle and,
during
manufacture,serves as the
location point for
a drill.
The Center Mark option found on the Dimensions panel of the
Annotate tab.
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The Center Mark tool
Select the Symbolsand Arrows tab,
then the Centermarks Line option.
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POLYLINEApolyline is a line made from a series of individual,connected line segments that act as a single entity
Polyline are used to
generate curves and
splines and can beused in three-
dimensional
applications to produce
solid objects.
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Polyline Arc
A Polyline drawnusing the Arcoption
The Polyline Arc is a single entity.
Select the Polyline tool
from the Draw panel.
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To draw different line thicknesses
The Width option is used to define the width of a line. The
Halfwidth option is used to define half the width of a line.
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SPLINE
A closed spline
A spline is a curved line created through a series of
predefined points. If the curve forms an enclosed area, it iscalled a closed spline
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ELLIPSE
Click the Ellipse Axis, End tool on
the Draw panel.
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Ellipse Arc
An ellipse may also be defined in terms of its angle of rotationabout the major axis. An ellipse with 0 rotation is a circle, an
ellipse of constant radius. An ellipse with 90 rotation is a straight
line, an end view of an ellipse
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RECTANGLE
The Rectangle command is used to draw rectangles. Therectangles generated are blocks, that is, they are consideredto
be one entity, not four straight lines.
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POLYGONApolygon is a closed
figure bounded bystraight lines.The Polygon
command will drawonly regular
polygons, in
which all sides areequal
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POINT
The Point command is used to draw points on a drawing.The default setting for a points shape is a small dot, the kind used
to display background grids. Other point shapes are available.
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TEXT
Text is added to a drawing using the Multiline Text tool found onthe Annotation panel. The Annotation panel is located under the
Home tab.
The Multiline Text command is used to enter text.First, the area in which the text is to be entered is defined. Text is typed
into the dialog box.
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The Text Editor
The Multiline Text tool is also available on the Text panel of theAnnotate tab.
The Text Editor panel is used to change the text height, color, fontstyle, and text justification.
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Justify Text
AutoCAD will justify text to the left unless otherwise specified.
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The symbol options
AutoCAD has three symbol commands:%%C
%%P
%%D
A symbol will initally appear in the %% form in the Text Editor dialogbox but will change to the equivalent symbol when the text is
transferred to the drawing.
Symbols may also be created using the Windows Character
ALT 0216
ALT 0177ALT 0176
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MOVE
The Move command is used to move a line or object to a newlocation on the drawing.
Any point may beselected. Snap
points are usually
used as base pointsbecause they candefine precise
displacement
distances andaccurate new
locations.
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The Copy command
The Copy commandmaintains the original
object in its originallocation, then creates a
copy that can be moved toa new location.
The Copy command is used to make anexact copy ofan existing line or object. The
Copy command can also be used to createmore than one copy without reactivating the
Command.
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OFFSETThe process may be repeated by
double-clicking the right mouse
button and selecting the Repeat
Offset option.
Mirror
Any line may be used as a mirror line,
including lines within the object
The Mirror command is very
useful when drawing symmetricalobjects. Only half of the object need be
drawn. The second half can be created
using the Mirror command.
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ARRAY
Objects may be arrayed using either the Rectangularor the Polaroption.
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ROTATE
The Rotate tool is used to rotate an object about a specifiedbase point.
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TRIM
The Trim tool isused to cut away
excessively long
lines.
Trim is a very
important AutoCAD
command and is
used frequently. Cutting Edge
Trimmed area
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EXTEND & BREAK
The Extend command allowsgiven lines to be extended
to new lengths
The Break command is used toremove portions of an object. It is
similar to the Trim command butdoes not require cutting edges
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CHAMFER
A chamfer is a
straight-line
corner cut, usually
cut at
45. Other angles
may be used.
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FILLET
The Fillet command islocation sensitive. The finalshape of the fillet will dependon the location of yourselection points. Here are
four examples of fillets drawnfrom the same initial arc linesetup.
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TABLEThe Table command is used to create tables such as the one
shown below. Tables are used on drawings to define multiple holedimensions, to define coordinate data, and to create parts lists,
among other uses.
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Creating tablesClick the Table command tool on the annotation Panel.
The Insert Table dialog box will appear