chapter2
TRANSCRIPT
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Planning a Planning a Healthy DietHealthy Diet
Chapter 2Chapter 2
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Principles and GuidelinesPrinciples and Guidelines
• Adequacy• Sufficient energy• Adequate nutrients for healthy people
• Balance• Enough but not too much
• kCalorie (energy) control• Energy in = energy out• High nutrient density foods
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Principles and GuidelinesPrinciples and Guidelines
• Nutrient density• The most nutrients for the fewest calories• Low-nutrient density foods
• Moderation• Food selections – low in fat & added sugars
• Variety• Among and within food groups• Benefits of a varied diet
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Nutrient Density of Two Breakfast Options Compared
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Principles and GuidelinesPrinciples and Guidelines
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans• Evidence-based advice
• Attain and maintain a healthy weight
• Reduce risk of chronic disease
• Promote overall health
• Reviewed and revised every five years
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Principles and Guidelines
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans• Four major topic areas
• Balancing kcalories to manage weight
• Foods and food components to reduce
• Foods and nutrients to increase
• Building healthy eating patterns
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• Need tools and knowledge to plan an ideal diet
• USDA Food Patterns• Five major food groups
• Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, milk and milk products
• Recommended daily amounts for each group• Daily selection from each group
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USDA Food Patterns: Recommended Daily Amounts
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USDA Food PatternsUSDA Food Patterns
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USDA Food PatternsUSDA Food Patterns
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USDA Food Patterns
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Estimated Daily kCalorie Needs for Adults
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• USDA Food Patterns• Notable nutrients
• Key nutrients of each food group
• Allows for flexibility in diet plan
• Greater encouragement of some food groups
• Nutrient-dense choices• Discretionary kcalorie allowance
• Kcalories supplied versus those needed
• Added sugars and fats
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Discretionary kCalories in a 2000-kCalorie Diet
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• USDA Food Guide• Serving equivalents
• Fruits, vegetables, milk = cups
• Grains and protein foods = ounces
• Ethnic food choices• Vegetarian food guide
• Can still use USDA Food Patterns
• Mixture of foods
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Ethnic Food Choices
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• USDA Food Guide• MyPlate – http://www.choosemyplate.gov
• Educational tool
• Combines USDA Food Patterns and Dietary Guidelines
• Allows for personal planning
• MyPlate shortcomings
• Healthy Eating Index
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Recommended and Actual Recommended and Actual Intakes ComparedIntakes Compared
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• Exchange lists• Help in achieving kcalorie control and
moderation• Sorting of foods
• Energy-nutrient contents
• Examples
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
• Putting the plan into action• Familiarize yourself with each food group
• From guidelines to groceries• Consider foods you enjoy• Make improvements little by little• Processed foods
• Disadvantages
• Advantages
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Diet-Planning Using the 2000-kCalorie USDA Food Pattern
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Diet-Planning Guides – Diet-Planning Guides – Grocery ShoppingGrocery Shopping
• Grains• Whole-grain
products
• Fortification & enrichment
• Vegetables • Fresh vs. canned or
frozen
• Milk and milk products
• Fruits• Colors
• Fruit juices
• Protein foods• Lean cuts
• Soy products
• Portion sizes
• Cooking techniques
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A Wheat PlantA Wheat Plant
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Diet-Planning GuidesDiet-Planning Guides
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Food LabelsFood Labels
• Reasons for food label use• Product not required to have food labels
• Voluntary use of labels
• Restaurant food labeling• Portion sizes
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Example of a Food LabelExample of a Food Label
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Food LabelsFood Labels
• Ingredient list• Listing of all ingredients• Descending order of predominance by weight
• Serving sizes• Food and Drug Administration (FDA) role• Adjust calculations according to amount
consumed• Sizes listed vs. USDA Food Pattern sizes
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Food LabelsFood Labels
• Nutrition Facts• Quantities and Daily Values• Required information
• Total food energy; food energy from fat
• Total fat; saturated fat; trans fat; cholesterol
• Sodium
• Total carbohydrate; dietary fiber; sugars
• Protein
• Vitamins A & C; iron; calcium
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Food LabelsFood Labels
• Daily Values• Expressed as percentage• Relationship to health • “Ballpark” estimate of contribution to total diet• Based on 2000 kcalories per day
• Nutrient claims• Meet FDA definitions
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Daily Values for Food Labels
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Food LabelsFood Labels
• Nutrient claims• Meet FDA definitions• Nutrient claims• Health claims
• Need for scientific evidence
• FDA report card
• Structure-function claims• Made without FDA approval
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Label Claims
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Food Labels
• Consumer education• Coordination of USDA Food Patterns, Dietary
Guidelines, and food labels
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From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries
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From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries
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From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries
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From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries