chapter1 definition it[1]
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Outline
Analysis of the term: Information &
Technology
Definition of Information
Data Information Knowledge
Definition of Technology
Elements of Information Technology
Information Technology: the Discipline
Who are IT professionals Why information technology
Moors Law
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What is Information Technology
Information Technology= Information +technology
Definition of Technology:
The application of scientific knowledge to the practical
aims of human life.
Technology is people using knowledge, tools, and
systems to make their lives easier and better
Science deals with the study of phenomena in the
natural world (physics, chemistry, geology,
Science deals with "understanding" whiletechnology deals with "doing
Technology stages: stone age, bronze age,
industrial age, technology age, knowledge age
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Definition of information
Knowledge chain:
data Information Knowledge
Data
raw facts, a collection of facts
from which conclusions may bedrawn.
collection of observations orattributes, which may or may notbe true
can have different forms: text,numbers, images, or thoughts.
Data may not be facts
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Definition of information technology
Information
Processed meaningful data
Information is the result of
processing, manipulating
and organizing data in a waythat adds to the knowledge
of the receiver. In other
words, it is the context in
which data is taken. Information leads to
knowledge
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Definition of information
Knowledge
cognition: the psychological result of perception andlearning and reasoning.
Is built up from interaction with the world, and isorganized and stored in each individual's mind.
Knowledge is part of the hierarchy
made up of data, information and
knowledge.
Data are raw facts. Information is data
with context and perspective.
Knowledge is information with guidance
for action based upon insight and
experience.
Knowledge is part of the hierarchy
made up of data, information and
knowledge.
Data are raw facts. Information is data
with context and perspective.
Knowledge is information with guidance
for action based upon insight and
experience.6
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Assignment #1
Write an article differentiating between
Max. 2 pages
Data, Information, knowledge, and
development.
resources: Google,
Wikipedia,
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Definition of information technology
IT is given to be the development of tools, machines,
processes, and systems that process and manipulatedata in order to extract (useful) information out ofthem.
Information technology is defined as the
implementation of different branches of technologyin information processing.
acquisition, storage, manipulation, management,control, display, switching, interchange, transmission,
and reception of data The development and use of the hardware, software,
firmware, and procedure associated with theseprocesses
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Elements of Information technology
Sensing and Acquisition
Technologies
Analysis Technologies
Communications
Technologies
Display Technologies
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Information technology: the discipline
Explain the difference between
Information technology
Computer science
Information system
Management information system
Information system engineering
Others
Two level of distinction Curricular level
Professional level
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Information Technology VS. Computer Science
Professional level
Computer scientist tends to build, develop and extendthe basic computing technologies
IT specialist tends to apply these technologies to solvereal-world problems for enterprises and people
Curricular level C.S. has stronger emphasis on programming
Design and implement complete IT solution includingsoftware
C.S. has deeper roots in Math and more abstract than IT IT focuses more on practice than C. S.
IT specialist needs to make management decisions thanC.S.
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Information Technology VS. Information Systems
System: collection of items that works together to do some
thing An informationsystemis a collection of components that
work together for the purpose of providing information to
help in the operation and the management of the
organization Componentsofinformationsystems: Hardware, Software,
Storage devices, Human resources (personal), data or
information, and the operations or procedures.
information systems are broader than information
technologies.
Information System = Information technology + (data)
Information + Human resources
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Management Information systems - MIS
discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and
procedures collectively called information systems tosolving business problems.
The group of information management methods tied to the
automation or support of human decision making, e.g.
DecisionS
upportSystems.
decision support systems, resource and people management
applications, project management, and database retrieval
applications.
Assembly of computer hardware, software, and/or firmware
configured to collect, create, communicate, compute,
disseminate, process, store, and/or control data or
information. ...
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Computer system engineering
Discipline that encompasses broad areas of both
electrical engineering and computer science. Computer engineers are electrical engineers that
have additional courses in the areas of softwaredesign and hardware-software integration.
Computer engineers work to design andmanageallforms of computer systems used in industry,education, Business, management, etc.
Computer systems is some times called information
system engineering Computer system engineering has the design
dimension over the Information technology andsystems disciplines.
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Who are IT workers
Wide range of occupations are assumed by IT
professionals
Core IT skills: develop, implement, enhance, operate,
upgrade and maintain information technologies and
systems.
IT workers are supposed to have skills rather than IT
pure skills: management, accounting, communication, educations,
IT professions can be found in business and service
sector, including government, industry, civilorganizations, academia
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Who are IT workers
There are two categories for IT workers depending on
whether IT knowledge is more important in doingthe job than any other knowledge or skill.
IT worker: when IT knowledge is more important in
doing the job than any other knowledge or skill.
IT related worker: if less than the value of his/her
work is IT focused.
IT workers skills, technical knowledge about
information technology, business knowledge andexperience, and organizational and communication
skills.
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Who are IT workers
ExamplesCategory
Product designers, system analysts,
computer science researchers.
Designers
visualize and design the basic of
computer systems.
System designers, programmers, software
engineers, computer engineers.DevelopersThose who work on designing,
constructing, and testinginformation
systems.
Maintenance programmers, programmers, software
engineers, computer engineers, databaseadministrators, web developers, network
administrators.
Modifiers and extenders
Those who modify or add an information
technology artifact.
Customer support, help desk, hardware
maintenance, network technician.
Supporters
Those who deliver,install, operate, maintain, or
repair an information technology asset.
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Brief history of Information technology
The history of information technology is characterized
by principal technology used to input, process, andoutput and communicates information at that time.
Four stages can be defined:
Pre-mechanical: invention of writing and the use ofAlphabets
Mechanical: invented the movable metal-type
printing machines
Electromechanical: Invention of Electricity, and thetransform of data into electric pulse
Electronic: the discovery of digital signals or bits.
Discovery of electronic devices, integrated circuits, 18
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Magnificent of Information technology
Scope of IT is very broad: The computer, telecommunications,
software, media industry and others Vast fields fall under IT such as operating systems, software
development, networking, intranets, the Internet, databases,multi-media, video and audio technologies, informationsecurity, information management and many more.
IT is one of the fastest growing sector nowadays The production, storage, and transfer ofknowledge are
becoming the basis of any successful enterprises of all sizesand domain of operation.
Globalization obliges companies, governments and civilagencies, to react more quickly, and operate moreefficientlythan they have done in the past
Information is managed as assetsjust like inventories orcapital
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Magnificent of Information technology
IT is human intensive: Relies heavily on the highly trained IT
workforce, unlike the other sectors, which more rely ondeploying and using new automation means andtechnologies.
Need for information technology specialists will stay high ondifferent levels.
information technology is the fact it moves forward fasterthan any other technology.
Knowledge age: IT is the key technology to enter the 21st
century, as the discovery of oil was the key technology of the20th century.
Moors Law: The processing power and storage capacities ofsemiconductor devices, which are the building blocks ofinformation technology, have been doubling every eighteenmonths
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Information Society
a society in which the creation, distribution,
diffusion, use, and manipulation of information is asignificant economic, political, and cultural activity.
a type of society in which information and
information access plays a central role, economically,
socially and individually. Governments are making
efforts to bring countries into this era.
a society integrated by complex communication
networks that rapidly develop and exchangeinformation
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