Chapter ThreeSection 3

Behaviors:Innate

• Humans walk on two legs.

• Whales swim at birth.

• Puppies chew.

Learned• Humans learn and

develop language.• Dogs can be

disciplined (sit, stay, roll-over).

• Service animals!

Survival Behaviors• Marking territoryBirds singing, animals spraying, scratching

• ParentingHumans, whales, elephants, dogs raise their young

• CourtshipFinding a mate, attracting a mate, movements/sounds

• DefensiveGrowling, fighting, rabbit (camo!)

• Finding food– Predator/prey– Gathering– Using tools

Frigate Birds make an incredible mating dance and song to attract a mate. Here is a male puffing its chest and gobbling for a mate.Location: Galapagos, Ecuador

THE BATTLE AT KRUGER

• The video was shot in September 2004.• Kruger National Park is in Zimbabwe/South Africa.

Seasonal Behaviors

MigrationBirds, insects, large herd animals

Wildebeest

Hibernation and EstivationStriped Turtle hibernates.

Hibernation is a period of inactivity

in the winter months. Body

functions slow and internal

temperature drops.

Spadefoot toad estivates.

Estivation is a period of inactivity in the

summer/dry months in desert animals. These

animals will burrow into the ground to stay cool

and keep their moisture.

How to animals know when to migrate?

1. Length of daylight2. Temperature

Chapter ThreeSection 4:

Adaptations and Survival

Adaptations: any characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to be

SUCCESSFULA chameleon’s tounge (to catch fast moving prey)A woodpecker’s beak(to mark territory as in the clip, and also drill into tree trunks for prey)A gecko’s camoflaugethis one is awesome, too

A raven’s cleverness (kind of a gross clip, but AWESOME in showing how intelligence is an adaptation)A honeysuckle adapting to match a hummingbird moth for pollination

Similar adaptations can lead to a:GENETIC BOTTLENECK

Example of bottleneck in the U.S.FLORIDA PANTHER

Causes:• Populations isolated

from one another• Habitat loss• Overall decrease in

population due to hunting and interactions with humans

Effects:• Population is

genetically similar (related to one another)

• Inbreeding occurred• Low birth rate, genetic

issues, failure of reproductive organs, heart defects

How can the Florida Panther be helped at this point?

NATURAL SELECTION1. Overproduction: More offspring are born than will

live to become adults2. Genetic Variation within a Population: The

individuals in a population are different from one another

3. Struggle to Survive: Predation and other environmental pressures make “success” a challenge.

4. Success: Reproduction occurs amongst individuals that were strong enough, lucky enough and had the right set of genetic circumstances to survive.

1. Overproduction: More offspring are born than will live to become adults

2. Genetic Variation within a Population: The individuals in a population are

different from one another

3. Struggle to Survive: Predation and other environmental pressures

make “success” a challenge

4. Success: Reproduction occurs